Volleyball-Associated Lower Extremity Injuries Among Adult Athletes of Different Ages: A Comprehensive Analysis of National Data From 2013 to 2022.

BACKGROUND

The mean age of volleyball athletes has increased over the past decade, raising concern for musculoskeletal injuries.

PURPOSE

To evaluate epidemiologic trends, diagnoses, and mechanisms of volleyball-related lower extremity injuries within different adult age groups.

STUDY DESIGN

Descriptive epidemiologic study.

METHODS

Data on volleyball-associated lower extremity injuries in patients ≥19 years of age was analyzed from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2022. Data collection included body location, final diagnosis, mechanism of injury, and disposition. Hospital sample weights were used to calculate national estimates. Patients were divided into either 20 to 39, 40 to 59, or ≥60 age groups. Linear regression was used for annual trend analysis, chi-square for categorical variable analysis, and the Holm value adjustment method for post hoc analysis.

RESULTS

A weighted national estimate of 64,979 volleyball-related lower extremity injuries were included for analysis. The mean patient age was 33.3 ± 11.2 years. Across all age groups, the most injured body parts were the ankle (36.0%), knee (32.7%), and lower leg (12.9%). The 20 to 39 age group experienced the greatest incidence of injuries from impact with the floor (national estimate [NE], 17,198; 37.4%). Additionally, this age group experienced the greatest incidence of dislocation (NE, 2379; 5.2%). The 40 to 59 age group had the highest proportion of injuries secondary to nonjumping noncontact movements (NE, 1781; 10.3%). The ≥60 age group had the highest proportion of injuries secondary to noncontact jumping movements (NE, 145; 8.5%).

CONCLUSION

Our study demonstrates that older volleyball athletes are at risk for lower extremity injuries, specifically affecting the ankle, knee, and lower leg. Younger adults sustain injuries more frequently from trauma, whereas older adults from noncontact injuries. Societies may consider these findings and provide more age-specific recommendations to decrease the overall incidence and significance of volleyball-related lower extremity injuries.