Wu Dezheng, Ding Canyu, Jean Mingder
College of Arts and Design, Jimei University, 185 Yinjiang Rd., Jimei District, Xiamen 361021, China.
School of Film and Animation, Xiamen City University, Qianpu South Road, Siming District, Xiamen 361000, China.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Aug 4;18(15):3658. doi: 10.3390/ma18153658.
In the present work, the optimization of ceramic-based composite WC(Co,Ni) welds by laser cladding was carried out using response surface methodology based on finite element analysis. The heat distribution and temperature field of laser-melted WC(Co,Ni) ceramic coatings were simulated using ANSYS software, which allowed the computation of the distribution of residual stresses. The results show that the isotherms in the simulation of the temperature field are elliptical in shape, and that the isotherms in front of the moving heat source are dense with a larger temperature gradient, while the isotherms behind the heat source are sparse with a smaller temperature gradient. In addition, the observed microstructural evolution shows that the melting zone domains of WC(Co,Ni) are mainly composed of unmelted carbides. These carbides are dendritic, rod-like, leaf-like, or net-like, and are agglomerated into smaller groups. The W content of these unmelted carbides exceeds 80%, while the C content is around 1.5-3.0%. The grey areas are composed of WC, Co and Ni compounds. Based on the regression model, a quadratic model was successfully constructed. A three-dimensional profile model of the residual stress behaviour was further explored. The estimated values of the RSM-based FEA model for residual stress are very similar to the actual results, which shows that the model is effective in reducing residual stress by laser cladding.
在本工作中，基于有限元分析，采用响应面法对激光熔覆陶瓷基复合材料WC(Co,Ni)焊缝进行了优化。利用ANSYS软件模拟了激光熔覆WC(Co,Ni)陶瓷涂层的热分布和温度场，从而计算残余应力分布。结果表明，温度场模拟中的等温线呈椭圆形，移动热源前方的等温线密集，温度梯度较大，而热源后方的等温线稀疏，温度梯度较小。此外，观察到的微观结构演变表明，WC(Co,Ni)的熔化区主要由未熔化的碳化物组成。这些碳化物呈树枝状、棒状、叶状或网状，并聚集成较小的团簇。这些未熔化碳化物的W含量超过80%，而C含量约为1.5 - 3.0%。灰色区域由WC、Co和Ni化合物组成。基于回归模型，成功构建了二次模型。进一步探索了残余应力行为的三维轮廓模型。基于响应面法的有限元模型对残余应力的估计值与实际结果非常相似，这表明该模型在通过激光熔覆降低残余应力方面是有效的。
