长期旋耕和秸秆覆盖提高了雨养小麦-大豆复种系统中小麦的干物质生产、产量和水分利用效率。

Long-Term Rotary Tillage and Straw Mulching Enhance Dry Matter Production, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Wheat in a Rain-Fed Wheat-Soybean Double Cropping System.

作者信息

Dong Shiyan, Huang Ming, Zhang Junhao, Zhou Qihui, Hu Chuan, Liu Aohan, Wang Hezheng, Fu Guozhan, Wu Jinzhi, Li Youjun

机构信息

College of Agriculture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China.

出版信息

Plants (Basel). 2025 Aug 6;14(15):2438. doi: 10.3390/plants14152438.

DOI:10.3390/plants14152438

PMID:40805787

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12349186/

Abstract

Water deficiency and low water use efficiency severely constrain wheat yield in dryland regions. This study aimed to identify suitable tillage methods and straw management to improve dry matter production, grain yield, and water use efficiency of wheat in the dryland winter wheat-summer bean (hereafter referred to as wheat-soybean) double-cropping system. A long-term located field experiment (onset in October 2009) with two tillage methods-plowing (PT) and rotary tillage (RT)-and two straw management-no straw mulching (NS) and straw mulching (SM)-was conducted at a typical dryland in China. The wheat yield and yield component, dry matter accumulation and translocation characteristics, and water use efficiency were investigated from 2014 to 2018. Straw management significantly affected wheat yield and yield components, while tillage methods had no significant effect. Furthermore, the interaction of tillage methods and straw management significantly affected yield and yield components except for the spike number. RTSM significantly increased the spike number, grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, harvest index, and grain yield by 12.5%, 8.4%, 6.0%, 3.4%, and 13.4%, respectively, compared to PTNS. Likewise, RTSM significantly increased the aforementioned indicators by 14.8%, 10.1%, 7.5%, 3.6%, and 20.5%, compared to RTNS. Mechanistic analysis revealed that, compared to NS, SM not only significantly enhanced pre-anthesis and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation, and pre-anthesis dry matter tanslocation to grain, but also significantly improved pre-sowing water storage, water consumption during wheat growth, water use efficiency, and water-saving for produced per kg grain yield, with the greatest improvements obtained under RT than PT. Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) analysis confirmed RTSM's yield superiority was mainly ascribed to straw-induced improvements in dry matter and water productivity. In a word, rotary tillage with straw mulching could be recommended as a suitable practice for high-yield wheat production in a dryland wheat-soybean double-cropping system.

摘要

水分亏缺和低水分利用效率严重制约了旱地地区的小麦产量。本研究旨在确定合适的耕作方法和秸秆管理方式，以提高旱地冬小麦 - 夏大豆（以下简称小麦 - 大豆）复种系统中小麦的干物质生产、籽粒产量和水分利用效率。在中国一个典型的旱地进行了一项长期定位田间试验（始于2009年10月），试验设置了两种耕作方法——翻耕（PT）和旋耕（RT），以及两种秸秆管理方式——无秸秆覆盖（NS）和秸秆覆盖（SM）。在2014年至2018年期间，对小麦产量及其构成因素、干物质积累与转运特性以及水分利用效率进行了研究。秸秆管理对小麦产量及其构成因素有显著影响，而耕作方法没有显著影响。此外，除穗数外，耕作方法与秸秆管理的交互作用对产量及其构成因素有显著影响。与PTNS相比，RTSM显著提高了穗数、每穗粒数、千粒重、收获指数和籽粒产量，分别提高了12.5%、8.4%、6.0%、3.4%和13.4%。同样，与RTNS相比，RTSM显著提高了上述指标，分别提高了14.8%、10.1%、7.5%、3.6%和20.5%。机理分析表明，与NS相比，SM不仅显著提高了拔节前和拔节后的干物质积累以及拔节前干物质向籽粒的转运量，还显著提高了播前储水量、小麦生长期间的耗水量、水分利用效率以及每千克籽粒产量的节水量，在RT条件下的改善效果比PT条件下更为显著。逼近理想解排序法（TOPSIS）分析证实，RTSM的产量优势主要归因于秸秆覆盖对干物质和水分生产力的改善。总之，旋耕并秸秆覆盖可推荐作为旱地小麦 - 大豆复种系统中高产小麦生产的适宜措施。