Peng Zhang, Ting Wei, Haixia Wang, Min Wang, Xiangping Meng, Siwei Mou, Rui Zhang, Zhikuan Jia, Qingfang Han
1] Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Area of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China [2] Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China.
1] Institute of Water-saving Agriculture in Arid Area of China, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China [2] Key Laboratory of Crop Physi-ecology and Tillage Science in Northwestern Loess Plateau, Minister of Agriculture, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China [3] Colloge of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China.
Sci Rep. 2015 Jun 2;5:10725. doi: 10.1038/srep10725.
The soil water supply is the main factor that limits dryland crop production in China. In a three-year field experiment at a dryland farming experimental station, we evaluated the effects of various straw mulch practices on soil water storage, grain yield, and water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum). Field experiments were conducted with six different mulch combinations (two different mulch durations and three different mulch amounts): high (SM1; 9000 kg ha(-1)), medium (SM2; 6000 kg ha(-1)), and low (SM3; 3000 kg ha(-1)) straw mulch treatments for the whole period; and high (SM4), medium (SM5) and low (SM6) straw mulch treatments during the growth period only, where the control was the whole period without mulch (CK). Throughout the whole growth period of the three-year experiment, the average soil water content in the 0-200 cm soil layer increased by 0.7-22.5% compared with CK, while the WUE increased significantly by 30.6%, 32.7% and 24.2% with SM1, SM2, and SM3, respectively (P < 0.05). The yield increased by 13.3-23.0% when mulch was provided during the growth period, while the WUE increased by 15.2%, 17.2% and 18.0% with SM4, SM5, and SM6, respectively, compared with CK.
土壤水分供应是限制中国旱地作物产量的主要因素。在一个旱地农业试验站进行的为期三年的田间试验中，我们评估了各种秸秆覆盖措施对冬小麦（Triticum aestivum）土壤储水量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率（WUE）的影响。田间试验设置了六种不同的覆盖组合（两种不同的覆盖持续时间和三种不同的覆盖量）：整个时期的高量（SM1；9000 kg ha(-1)）、中量（SM2；6000 kg ha(-1)）和低量（SM3；3000 kg ha(-1)）秸秆覆盖处理；仅在生长期间的高量（SM4）、中量（SM5）和低量（SM6）秸秆覆盖处理，对照为整个时期不覆盖（CK）。在为期三年的试验整个生长期间，0-200 cm土层的平均土壤含水量与CK相比增加了0.7-22.5%，而SM1、SM2和SM3处理的WUE分别显著提高了30.6%、32.7%和24.2%（P<0.05）。在生长期间进行覆盖时，产量提高了13.3-23.0%，与CK相比，SM4、SM5和SM6处理的WUE分别提高了15.2%、17.2%和18.0%。
