Oses Rómulo, Ferrando Matías, Bruna Flavia, Retamales Patricio, Navarro Myriam, Fernández Katia, Vera Waleska, Larrazábal María José, Neira Iván, Paredes Adrián, Osorio Manuel, Yáñez Osvaldo, Jacobs Martina, Bravo Jessica
Centro Regional de Investigación y Desarrollo Sustentable de Atacama (CRIDESAT), Universidad de Atacama, Av. Copayapu Nr 485, Copiapó 1530000, Chile.
Laboratorio de Hormonas y Biología del Cáncer, Instituto de Medicina y Biología Experimental de Cuyo (IMBECU), CONICET CCT-Mendoza UNcuyo, Mendoza CP 5500, Argentina.
Plants (Basel). 2025 Aug 7;14(15):2449. doi: 10.3390/plants14152449.
Chilean has been used in traditional medicine for effects such as antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antiviral, antitumoral, antioxidant, antispasmodic, astringent, antipyretic, cicatrizant, cytotoxic, diuretic, among others. In this study, we evaluated the pharmacological potential of seed essential oil extract (SM_EO) through and approaches. , the antioxidant potential was analyzed, and antitumor activity was evaluated in non-tumor and human epithelial tumor cell lines. was used as a model for evaluating toxicity, and the chemical composition of the SM_EO was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The oil contained four major monoterpenes: α-phellandrene (34%), β-myrcene (23%), limonene (13%), and β-phellandrene (7%). Based on quantum mechanical calculations, the reactivity of the molecules present in the SM_EO was estimated. The results indicated that α- phellandrene, β-phellandrene, and β-myrcene showed the highest nucleophilic activity. In addition, the compounds following these as candidates for antioxidant and antiproliferative activities were α-phellandrene, β-phellandrene, ρ-cymene, sabinene, caryophyllene, l-limonene, and α-pinene, highlighting -myrcene. Based on ADME-Tox properties, it is feasible to use these compounds as new drug candidates. Moreover, the antibacterial activity MIC value obtained for was equivalent to 2 μg/mL, and for , , and , the MIC value was 32.5 μg/μL. SM_EO could selectively inhibit the proliferation of human epithelial mammary tumor MCF7 cells treated with SM_EOs at 64 and 16 ug/mL-a significant increase in BCL-2 in a dose-dependent manner-and showed low toxicity against (from 10 to 0.078 mg·mL). These findings suggest that SM_EO may be a potential source of bioactive compounds, encouraging further investigation for applications in veterinary medicine, cosmetics, and sanitation.
智利番荔枝在传统医学中被用于抗菌、抗真菌、抗炎、止痛、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、解痉、收敛、退热、促进愈合、细胞毒性、利尿等功效。在本研究中，我们通过多种方法评估了智利番荔枝种子精油提取物（SM_EO）的药理潜力。首先，分析了其抗氧化潜力，并在非肿瘤和人上皮肿瘤细胞系中评估了抗肿瘤活性。使用秀丽隐杆线虫作为评估毒性的模型，并采用气相色谱 - 质谱联用技术分析了SM_EO的化学成分。该精油含有四种主要单萜：α - 水芹烯（34%）、β - 月桂烯（23%）、柠檬烯（13%）和β - 水芹烯（7%）。基于量子力学计算，估算了SM_EO中存在的分子的反应活性。结果表明，α - 水芹烯、β - 水芹烯和β - 月桂烯表现出最高的亲核活性。此外，作为抗氧化和抗增殖活性候选物仅次于这些化合物的是α - 水芹烯、β - 水芹烯、对伞花烃、桧烯、石竹烯、L - 柠檬烯和α - 蒎烯，其中β - 月桂烯尤为突出。基于药物代谢动力学 - 药物毒性（ADME - Tox）特性，将这些化合物用作新药候选物是可行的。此外，SM_EO对金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌活性最小抑菌浓度（MIC）值相当于2μg/mL，对大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和白色念珠菌的MIC值为32.5μg/μL。SM_EO能够以64μg/mL和16μg/mL的浓度选择性抑制经其处理的人上皮乳腺肿瘤MCF7细胞的增殖——BCL - 2呈剂量依赖性显著增加——并且对秀丽隐杆线虫显示出低毒性（从10mg·mL到0.078mg·mL）。这些发现表明，SM_EO可能是生物活性化合物的潜在来源，鼓励进一步研究其在兽医学、化妆品和卫生领域的应用。
