Mazzonetto Lisa Fernanda, Cordeiro Jéssica Fernanda Correa, Correia Igor Massari, Oliveira Alcivandro de Sousa, Moraes Chimenny, Brilhadori Joana, Gomide Eurípedes Barsanulfo Gonçalves, Kudlacek Michal, Machado Dalmo Roberto Lopes, Anjos Jeferson Roberto Collevatti Dos, Santos André Pereira Dos
School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 13566-590, Brazil.
Study and Research Group in Anthropometry, Training and Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 13566-590, Brazil.
Healthcare (Basel). 2025 Aug 4;13(15):1897. doi: 10.3390/healthcare13151897.
This study aimed to evaluate physical training protocols for alleviating long COVID symptoms, especially dyspnea and fatigue, through a systematic review with meta-analysis. Data were collected from EMBASE, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science, and grey literature (Google Scholar, medRxiv). Studies evaluating dyspnea and/or fatigue before and after physical rehabilitation, using validated questionnaires, were included. Studies lacking pre- and post-assessments or physical training were excluded. Two reviewers independently extracted data on intervention type, duration, frequency, intensity, and assessment methods for dyspnea and fatigue. Bias risk was evaluated using the Cochrane tool. Combined methods, such as respiratory muscle training with strength and aerobic exercise, were common for long COVID symptoms. Aerobic exercise notably improved dyspnea and/or fatigue. Among 25 studies, four had a low risk of bias. Meta-analysis of two studies found no significant reduction in fatigue. Combined training methods, particularly aerobic exercise, alleviate dyspnea and fatigue in long COVID. More high-quality studies are needed to confirm these findings.
本研究旨在通过系统评价和荟萃分析，评估体育训练方案对缓解新冠后综合征症状，尤其是呼吸困难和疲劳的效果。数据收集自EMBASE、LILACS、PubMed、Scopus、CINAHL、Web of Science以及灰色文献（谷歌学术、medRxiv）。纳入使用经过验证的问卷评估体育康复前后呼吸困难和/或疲劳情况的研究。排除缺乏前后评估或体育训练的研究。两名评审员独立提取关于干预类型、持续时间、频率、强度以及呼吸困难和疲劳评估方法的数据。使用Cochrane工具评估偏倚风险。对于新冠后综合征症状，呼吸肌训练与力量训练和有氧运动相结合的方法较为常见。有氧运动显著改善了呼吸困难和/或疲劳。在25项研究中，四项研究的偏倚风险较低。对两项研究的荟萃分析发现疲劳没有显著减轻。综合训练方法，尤其是有氧运动，可缓解新冠后综合征的呼吸困难和疲劳。需要更多高质量研究来证实这些发现。
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