Kalimbira Alexander A, Kalumikiza-Chikumbu Zione, Osman Gareth, Mkama Bridget, Joy Edward J M, Ferguson Elaine L, de la Revilla Lucia Segovia, Ander Louise E, Pedersen Sarah, Dary Omar, Yourkavitch Jennifer, Woldt Monica
Department of Human Nutrition and Health, Bunda College, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe P.O. Box 219, Malawi.
Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Nutrients. 2025 Jul 30;17(15):2485. doi: 10.3390/nu17152485.
The aim of this study was to compare micronutrient intake and inadequacy estimates using household consumption and expenditure survey (HCES) and quantitative 24-h recall (24HR) data among women of reproductive age (WRA) in Kasungu district, Malawi.
We conducted a secondary data analysis utilizing HCES dietary data from a subsample of households in rural areas of Kasungu district, which were sourced from the 2019/20 Malawi Fifth Integrated Household Survey ( = 183); and 24HR data were obtained from WRA in a community-based Addressing Hidden Hunger with Agronomy (AHHA) trial in the same district ( = 177). Micronutrient intakes and inadequacy were estimated under two alternative scenarios of large-scale food fortification (LSFF). We standardized apparent nutrient intakes from the HCES data using the adult female equivalent metric.
Estimated prevalence of micronutrient inadequacy fell within 20 percentage points between HCES and 24HR for iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), vitamins B2 and B9 under both no fortification and fortification scenarios. There were some discrepancies for the remaining B vitamins, being consistently large for vitamin B3.
In the absence of 24HR data, HCES data can be used to make inferences about some micronutrient intakes and inadequacies among rural WRA in Malawi and to inform decisions regarding LSFF, including vehicle selection and coverage. However, additional efforts are needed to improve HCES for dietary nutrient surveillance given existing limitations.
本研究旨在比较马拉维卡松古区育龄妇女使用家庭消费与支出调查（HCES）数据和24小时定量回顾法（24HR）数据得出的微量营养素摄入量及摄入不足估计值。
我们进行了一项二次数据分析，利用了卡松古区农村地区部分家庭的HCES饮食数据，这些数据来自2019/20年度马拉维第五次综合家庭调查（n = 183）；24HR数据则来自同一地区一项基于社区的农学解决隐性饥饿（AHHA）试验中的育龄妇女（n = 177）。在大规模食品强化（LSFF）的两种替代情景下估计了微量营养素摄入量及摄入不足情况。我们使用成年女性当量指标对HCES数据中的表观营养素摄入量进行了标准化。
在未强化和强化情景下，铁（Fe）、锌（Zn）、维生素B2和B9的微量营养素摄入不足估计患病率在HCES和24HR之间相差20个百分点以内。其余B族维生素存在一些差异，维生素B3的差异一直很大。
在没有24HR数据的情况下，HCES数据可用于推断马拉维农村育龄妇女的一些微量营养素摄入量及摄入不足情况，并为有关LSFF的决策提供信息，包括载体选择和覆盖范围。然而，鉴于现有局限性，需要做出额外努力来改进用于饮食营养监测的HCES。
