This study aimed to assess whether dietary supplementation with probiotics could alleviate intestinal injury in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-challenged piglets. Healthy weaned piglets were randomly allocated to four individual groups ( = 6): (1) a control group; (2) an LPS group; (3) an LPS + group; and (4) an LPS + group. The control and LPS groups received a basal diet, while the probiotic groups were provided with the same basal diet supplemented with 6 × 10 cfu/g of () or a combination of () and () at a dosage of 3 × 10 cfu/g, respectively. On day 31 of the trial, overnight-fasted piglets were killed following the administration of either LPS or 0.9% NaCl solution. Blood samples and intestinal tissues were obtained for further analysis several hours later. The results indicate that dietary supplementation with probiotics significantly exhibited health-promoting effects compared with the control group and effectively reduced LPS-induced histomorphological damage to the small intestine, impairments in barrier function, and dysregulated immune responses via modulation of enzyme activity and the expression of relevant genes, such as (), (), (), (), , nuclear-associatedantigenki-67 (, and (). Collectively, these results suggest that dietary supplementation with probiotics could alleviate LPS-induced intestinal injury by enhancing the immunity and anti-inflammatory responses in piglets. Our research provides a theoretical basis for the rational application of probiotics in the future.