Chimona Theognosia, Vrentzou Maria, Erotokritakis Emmanouel, Tsakiraki Eleni, Asimakopoulou Panagiota, Papadakis Chariton
ENT Department of Chania General Hospital, 73133 Chania, Greece.
Independent Researcher, 19400 Koropi Attiki, Greece.
J Clin Med. 2025 Jul 24;14(15):5232. doi: 10.3390/jcm14155232.
Cochlear "injury" is thought to be a significant cause of tinnitus in patients with hearing loss. Interestingly, individuals with normal hearing may also experience tinnitus. This study evaluates otoacoustic distortion product emissions (DPOAEs) in individuals with normal hearing who experience tinnitus perception. In this prospective study, the tinnitus group (TG) consisted of 34 subjects with tinnitus (four unilaterally) and normal hearing (threshold ≤ 25 dBHL at 0.25-8 kHz). The control group (CG) comprised 10 healthy volunteers (20 ears) without tinnitus and normal hearing. Medical history was recorded, and all participants underwent a complete otolaryngological examination, pure tone audiometry, and DPOAE recording (DP-gram, L1 = 55 dB, L2 = 65 dB, for F2: 619-10,000 Hz). Moreover, participants in the TG completed a detailed tinnitus history (with self-rated loudness scoring) and the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (Greek-version THI-G) and underwent tinnitus analysis. The recorded mean DPOAE values during the DP-gram of the CG were significantly larger in amplitude at low (-test, Bonferroni-corrected < 0.09) and high frequencies (-test, Bonferroni-corrected < 0.02) compared with the TG. Tinnitus assessment showed tinnitus pitch matching at the frequency area in the DP-gram, where the acceptance recording criteria were not met. There were no statistically significant differences in tinnitus onset, self-rated loudness scores of >70, and severe disability (THI-G > 58) for TG subjects in whom DPOAEs were not recorded at frequencies of ≤1000 Hz. Participants with abnormal DPOAEs at around 4000 Hz had tinnitus of sudden onset and severe disability (THI-G > 58). Finally, those with pathological recordings of DPOAEs at ≥6000 Hz had gradual onset tinnitus (Pearson Chi-square test, < 0.05). DPOAEs in normal hearing individuals with tinnitus show lower amplitudes in low and high frequencies compared with normal hearing individuals without tinnitus. The tinnitus matched-frequency coincided with the frequency area where DPOAEs were abnormal.
耳蜗“损伤”被认为是听力损失患者耳鸣的一个重要原因。有趣的是，听力正常的个体也可能会经历耳鸣。本研究评估了有耳鸣感知的听力正常个体的耳声发射畸变产物（DPOAE）。在这项前瞻性研究中，耳鸣组（TG）由34名有耳鸣（4名单侧耳鸣）且听力正常（0.25 - 8kHz时阈值≤25dBHL）的受试者组成。对照组（CG）由10名无耳鸣且听力正常的健康志愿者（20只耳）组成。记录病史，所有参与者均接受了全面的耳鼻喉科检查、纯音听力测定和DPOAE记录（DP图，L1 = 55dB，L2 = 65dB，F2范围：619 - 10000Hz）。此外，TG组的参与者完成了详细的耳鸣病史（包括自评响度评分）和耳鸣障碍量表（希腊语版THI - G），并接受了耳鸣分析。与TG组相比，CG组在DP图记录期间的平均DPOAE值在低频（t检验，Bonferroni校正P < 0.09）和高频（t检验，Bonferroni校正P < 0.02）处的幅度明显更大。耳鸣评估显示，在DP图中未达到接受记录标准的频率区域存在耳鸣音调匹配。对于在≤1000Hz频率未记录到DPOAE的TG受试者，耳鸣发作、自评响度评分>70以及严重残疾（THI - G > 58）方面无统计学显著差异。在4000Hz左右DPOAE异常的参与者有突然发作的耳鸣和严重残疾（THI - G > 58）。最后，在≥6000Hz有DPOAE病理记录的参与者有耳鸣逐渐发作（Pearson卡方检验，P < 0.05）。有耳鸣的听力正常个体的DPOAE在低频和高频处的幅度低于无耳鸣的听力正常个体。耳鸣匹配频率与DPOAE异常的频率区域一致。
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