Plavoukou Theodora, Sotiropoulos Spiridon, Taraxidis Eustathios, Stasinopoulos Dimitrios, Georgoudis George
Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Physiotherapy, Department of Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, Egaleo Campus, 12243 Athens, Greece.
Department of Physiotherapy, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece.
Sensors (Basel). 2025 Jul 24;25(15):4592. doi: 10.3390/s25154592.
Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) is a well-established surgical intervention for the management of end-stage knee osteoarthritis. While the procedure is generally successful, postoperative rehabilitation remains a key determinant of long-term functional outcomes. Traditional rehabilitation protocols, particularly those requiring in-person clinical visits, often encounter limitations in accessibility, patient adherence, and personalization. In response, emerging sensor technologies have introduced innovative solutions to support and enhance recovery following TKA. This review provides a thematically organized synthesis of the current landscape and future directions of sensor-assisted rehabilitation in TKA. It examines four main categories of technologies: wearable sensors (e.g., IMUs, accelerometers, gyroscopes), smart implants, pressure-sensing systems, and mobile health (mHealth) platforms such as ReHub and BPMpathway. Evidence from recent randomized controlled trials and systematic reviews demonstrates their effectiveness in tracking mobility, monitoring range of motion (ROM), detecting gait anomalies, and delivering real-time feedback to both patients and clinicians. Despite these advances, several challenges persist, including measurement accuracy in unsupervised environments, the complexity of clinical data integration, and digital literacy gaps among older adults. Nevertheless, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), predictive analytics, and remote rehabilitation tools is driving a shift toward more adaptive and individualized care models. This paper concludes that sensor-enhanced rehabilitation is no longer a future aspiration but an active transition toward a smarter, more accessible, and patient-centered paradigm in recovery after TKA.
全膝关节置换术（TKA）是治疗终末期膝关节骨关节炎的一种成熟的外科手术。虽然该手术总体上是成功的，但术后康复仍然是长期功能结果的关键决定因素。传统的康复方案，尤其是那些需要亲自到临床就诊的方案，在可及性、患者依从性和个性化方面常常存在局限性。作为回应，新兴的传感器技术引入了创新解决方案，以支持和促进TKA术后的恢复。本综述对TKA中传感器辅助康复的当前现状和未来方向进行了主题性的综合阐述。它考察了四类主要技术：可穿戴传感器（如惯性测量单元、加速度计、陀螺仪）、智能植入物、压力传感系统以及移动健康（mHealth）平台，如ReHub和BPMpathway。近期随机对照试验和系统评价的证据表明，它们在跟踪活动能力、监测关节活动范围（ROM）、检测步态异常以及向患者和临床医生提供实时反馈方面是有效的。尽管取得了这些进展，但仍存在一些挑战，包括在无人监督环境下的测量准确性、临床数据整合的复杂性以及老年人中的数字素养差距。然而，人工智能（AI）、预测分析和远程康复工具的整合正在推动向更具适应性和个性化的护理模式转变。本文得出结论，传感器增强型康复不再是未来的愿望，而是TKA术后向更智能、更易获得且以患者为中心的康复范式的积极转变。
