MTRSRP: Joint Design of Multi-Triangular Ring and Self-Routing Protocol for BLE Networks.

This paper presents the multi-triangular ring and self-routing protocol (MTRSRP), which is a new decentralized strategy designed to boost throughput and network efficiency in multiring scatternets. MTRSRP comprises two primary phases: leader election and scatternet formation, which collaborate to establish an effective multi-triangular ring topology. In the leader election phase, nodes exchange broadcast messages to gather neighbor information and elect coordinators through a competitive process. The scatternet formation phase determines the optimal number of rings based on the coordinator's collected node information and predefined rules. The master nodes then send unicast connection requests to establish piconets within the scatternet, following a predefined role table. Intra- and inter-bridge nodes were activated to interconnect the piconets, creating a cohesive multi-triangular ring scatternet. Additionally, MTRSRP incorporates a self-routing addressing scheme within the triangular ring architecture, optimizing packet transmission paths and reducing overhead by utilizing master/slave relationships established during scatternet formation. Simulation results indicate that MTRSRP with dual-bridge connectivity outperforms the cluster-based on-demand routing protocol and Bluetooth low-energy mesh schemes in key network transmission performance metrics such as the transmission rate, packet delay, and delivery ratio. In summary, MTRSRP significantly enhances throughput, optimizes routing paths, and improves network efficiency in multi-ring scatternets through its multi-triangular ring topology and self-routing capabilities.