Fan Yameng, Yu Yan, Tan Jiao, Ma Yonghong, Men Ke
School of Public Health, Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, China.
School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jul 30;12:1605016. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1605016. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND: Dietary guidelines, integrating the latest scientific evidence with traditional dietary culture, are regularly issued to provide dietary recommendations and promote health. However, the relationship between adherence to dietary guidelines and cognitive health has yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we specifically examine the association between adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese (DGC) and cognitive performance among older adults. METHODS: We analyzed data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) (2011 and 2015), including participants aged ≥60 years. Adherence to the DGC was assessed using the Chinese Healthy Eating Index (CHEI). Cognitive performance was evaluated across the following three domains: (1) memory (immediate and delayed recall), (2) attention/executive function (counting backward from 20), and (3) processing speed (serial 7 subtraction). A composite -score was derived to represent global cognition. Multivariate logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess associations. RESULTS: Among 2,174 older adults, higher CHEI scores were significantly associated with better performance at counting backward (attention/executive function, < 0.05), serial 7 subtraction (processing speed, < 0.01), and global cognition ( < 0.01). A significant interaction effect was observed between the CHEI and nationality in relation to cognitive performance ( <0.05). Among the 17 CHEI components, only adherence to the recommended intake of fish and seafood (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.37, 0.82) was independently linked to better cognitive performance. Sensitivity analyses excluding individuals with diabetes or overweight or obesity, and treating cognitive performance as a continuous outcome yielded consistent results ( < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Greater adherence to the DGC was associated with better cognitive performance, particularly in processing speed and attention/executive function. Promoting adherence to dietary guidelines may be a viable strategy for preserving cognitive health in aging populations.
背景：饮食指南将最新科学证据与传统饮食文化相结合，定期发布以提供饮食建议并促进健康。然而，遵循饮食指南与认知健康之间的关系尚未完全阐明。在本研究中，我们专门研究了老年人遵循《中国居民膳食指南》（DGC）与认知表现之间的关联。 方法：我们分析了中国健康与营养调查（CHNS）（2011年和2015年）的数据，包括年龄≥60岁的参与者。使用中国健康饮食指数（CHEI）评估对DGC的遵循情况。在以下三个领域评估认知表现：（1）记忆（即时和延迟回忆），（2）注意力/执行功能（从20开始倒数），以及（3）处理速度（连续减7）。得出一个综合分数来代表整体认知。使用多变量逻辑回归和受限立方样条模型评估关联。 结果：在2174名老年人中，较高的CHEI分数与更好的倒数表现（注意力/执行功能，<0.05）、连续减7（处理速度，<0.01）和整体认知（<0.01）显著相关。观察到CHEI与国籍在认知表现方面存在显著的交互作用（<0.05）。在CHEI的17个组成部分中，只有遵循鱼类和海鲜的推荐摄入量（OR：0.55；95%CI：0.37，0.82）与更好的认知表现独立相关。排除患有糖尿病或超重或肥胖的个体，并将认知表现视为连续结果的敏感性分析得出了一致的结果（<0.05）。 结论：更高程度地遵循DGC与更好的认知表现相关，特别是在处理速度和注意力/执行功能方面。促进对饮食指南的遵循可能是在老年人群中保持认知健康的可行策略。
J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2025-1
Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022-5
Proc Nutr Soc. 2022-3
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