Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
J Nutr Sci. 2021 Oct 1;10:e86. doi: 10.1017/jns.2021.44. eCollection 2021.
This study investigated associations of adherence to the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG) with cognitive performance and cognitive decline over 6 years. We used longitudinal data from the Sydney Memory and Aging Study comprising 1037 community-dwelling non-demented participants aged 70-90 years. Dietary intake was assessed at baseline using the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies Version 2. Adherence to the ADG was scored using the Dietary Guideline Index 2013 (DGI-2013). Cognition was assessed using neuropsychological tests in six cognitive domains and global cognition at baseline and 2, 4 and 6 years later. Linear mixed models analysed the association between adherence to the ADG and cognitive function and cognitive decline over 6 years. Results indicated that overall adherence to the ADG was suboptimal (DGI-2013 mean score 43⋅8 with a standard deviation of 10⋅1; median score 44, range 12-73 with an interquartile range of 7). The percent of participants attaining recommended serves for the five food groups were 30⋅2 % for fruits, 11⋅2 % for vegetables, 54⋅6 % for cereals, 28⋅9 % for meat and alternatives and 2⋅1 % for dairy consumption. Adherence to the ADG was not associated with overall global cognition over 6 years ( = 0⋅000; 95 % CI: -0⋅007, 0⋅007; = 0⋅95). Neither were DGI-2013 scores associated with change in global cognitive performance over 6 years ( = 0⋅002; 95 % CI: -0⋅002, 0⋅005; = 0⋅41) nor in any individual cognitive domains. In conclusion, adherence to the ADG was not associated with cognitive health over time in this longitudinal analysis of older Australians. Future research is needed to provide evidence to support specific dietary guidelines for neurocognitive health among Australian older adults.
本研究调查了澳大利亚饮食指南（ADG）的依从性与认知表现和认知衰退之间的关联，研究时间为 6 年。我们使用了来自悉尼记忆与衰老研究的纵向数据，该研究包含 1037 名年龄在 70-90 岁之间、居住在社区且没有痴呆的参与者。在基线时，使用饮食问卷进行饮食摄入评估，版本为 2 版。使用 2013 年饮食指南指数（DGI-2013）对 ADG 的依从性进行评分。使用神经心理学测试在六个认知领域和整体认知中，在基线以及 2、4 和 6 年后评估认知。线性混合模型分析了 6 年内 ADG 依从性与认知功能和认知衰退之间的关系。结果表明，总体 ADG 依从性不理想（DGI-2013 平均得分为 43.8，标准差为 10.1；中位数为 44，范围为 12-73，四分位距为 7）。达到 5 种食物组推荐份量的参与者比例分别为：水果 30.2%，蔬菜 11.2%，谷物 54.6%，肉类和替代品 28.9%，乳制品 2.1%。6 年内 ADG 依从性与整体全球认知无关（ = 0.000；95%CI：-0.007，0.007； = 0.95）。DGI-2013 评分与 6 年内全球认知表现的变化也无关（ = 0.002；95%CI：-0.002，0.005； = 0.41），也与任何单个认知领域无关。总之，在这项对澳大利亚老年人的纵向分析中，ADG 的依从性与随时间推移的认知健康无关。需要进一步的研究为澳大利亚老年人的神经认知健康提供支持特定饮食指南的证据。
