美国成年人饮食脂肪酸摄入量与肺功能测定中肺活量降低比例之间的关联：一项基于人群的横断面研究。

Association between dietary fatty acid intake and preserved ratio impaired spirometry in U.S. adults: a population-based cross-sectional study.

作者信息

Liu Xiang, Zeng Wei, Zhou Wangyan, Zheng Dayang, Yang Xu, Liao Weijun

机构信息

Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.

Department of Medical Record, The First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, China.

出版信息

Front Nutr. 2025 Jul 30;12:1622795. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1622795. eCollection 2025.

DOI:10.3389/fnut.2025.1622795

PMID:40808839

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12343235/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) is increasingly recognized as a clinically relevant but underdiagnosed lung function abnormality. This pulmonary phenotype is clinically significant yet remains insufficiently studied. Although dietary fatty acids are known to have anti-inflammatory and immune-regulating properties, their relationship with PRISm has not been previously explored. This study aimed to evaluate the associations between intake of saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and the prevalence of PRISm in U.S. adults.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from 9,103 adults in the 2007-2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Dietary intake of SFA, MUFA, and PUFA was assessed from two 24-h dietary recalls. Fatty acid variables were log-transformed and standardized. Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between fatty acid intake and PRISm, adjusting for sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical covariates. Nonlinear relationships were examined using restricted cubic splines. A two-sided -value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

Among the study population (mean age 45.6 ± 15.8 years; 47.7% male), 1,362 participants (15.0%) exhibited the PRISm phenotype. In models controlling for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables, each standard deviation increase in SFA [0.86 (0.75-0.99)] and PUFA [0.88 (0.79-0.99)] intake was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the odds of PRISm. MUFA intake was not significantly related to PRISm. Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated no evidence of non-linearity in these associations. The inverse relationships for SFA and PUFA were also consistent across demographic and clinical subgroups.

CONCLUSION

Greater consumption of saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with a lower prevalence of PRISm in a nationally representative adult population. These associations were consistent across key demographic and clinical subgroups. If confirmed in prospective studies, our findings may inform early dietary strategies to support pulmonary health.

摘要

背景

肺功能测定比值保留受损（PRISm）越来越被认为是一种具有临床相关性但诊断不足的肺功能异常。这种肺部表型具有临床意义，但仍未得到充分研究。尽管已知膳食脂肪酸具有抗炎和免疫调节特性，但它们与PRISm的关系此前尚未被探讨。本研究旨在评估饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的摄入量与美国成年人PRISm患病率之间的关联。

方法

我们使用2007 - 2012年国家健康与营养检查调查（NHANES）中9103名成年人的数据进行了横断面分析。通过两次24小时饮食回忆评估SFA、MUFA和PUFA的膳食摄入量。对脂肪酸变量进行对数转换并标准化。使用逻辑回归模型估计脂肪酸摄入量与PRISm之间关联的比值比（OR）和95%置信区间（CI），并对社会人口统计学、行为和临床协变量进行调整。使用受限立方样条检验非线性关系。双侧P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。

结果

在研究人群（平均年龄45.6±15.8岁；47.7%为男性）中，1362名参与者（15.0%）表现出PRISm表型。在控制人口统计学、生活方式和临床变量的模型中，SFA[0.86（0.75 - 0.99）]和PUFA[0.88（0.79 - 0.99）]摄入量每增加一个标准差，与PRISm发生几率的统计学显著降低相关。MUFA摄入量与PRISm无显著相关性。受限立方样条分析表明这些关联中没有非线性证据。SFA和PUFA的反向关系在人口统计学和临床亚组中也一致。