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卡介苗及其他:开拓结核病疫苗研发的新前沿

BCG and beyond: unlocking new frontiers in TB vaccine development.

作者信息

Shaji Aishwarya, Verma Akanksha, Bhaskar Ashima, Dwivedi Ved Prakash

机构信息

Immunobiology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.

出版信息

Front Immunol. 2025 Jul 30;16:1608104. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1608104. eCollection 2025.


DOI:10.3389/fimmu.2025.1608104
PMID:40808947
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12343704/
Abstract

Please confirm that the below Frontiers AI generated Alt-Text is an accurate visual description of your Figure(s). These Figure Alt-text proposals won't replace your figure captions and will not be visible on your article. If you wish to make any changes, kindly provide the exact revised Alt-Text you would like to use, ensuring that the word-count remains at approximately 100 words for best accessibility results. Further information on Alt-Text can be found here.With over 10 million new cases and 1.6 million deaths annually, tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a significant worldwide health-burden. To assist in curbing the spread of TB, the century-old BCG, which is a live-attenuated vaccine, is now the only licensed TB vaccine used in humans. However, BCG's limited efficacy and poor antigenicity in adults have evoked the need to design new vaccines against TB. The limited parameter is the availability of potent antigens; as a consequence, it is imperative to study the ()-specific antigens that can provide a stronger immune response if included in vaccine candidates. Through this review, we aim to concentrate on the progress of current vaccine-candidates undergoing preclinical and clinical-studies. Moreover, it is not the pathogen but the genetics of the host that plays an essential role in fine-tuning the immune-response and susceptibility to TB. Over the past 50 years, a systematic approach to treating TB patients has overlooked factors like pharmacokinetics, immune-response, and treatment duration. Henceforth, this review highlights the precision medicine-guided approach considering genetic-makeup and host immunity that could influence clinical management choices. The consolidated review will shed light on advancements in vaccine-candidates, which can be harnessed in prophylactic development against TB.

摘要

请确认以下由Frontiers AI生成的替代文本是否准确描述了您的图。这些图的替代文本建议不会取代您的图注,也不会在您的文章中显示。如果您希望进行任何更改,请提供您想要使用的确切修订替代文本,确保字数保持在约100字以获得最佳可访问性结果。有关替代文本的更多信息可在此处找到。

每年有超过1000万新病例和160万人死亡,结核病仍然是全球重大的健康负担。为了帮助遏制结核病的传播,有百年历史的卡介苗(一种减毒活疫苗)是目前唯一用于人类的已获许可的结核病疫苗。然而,卡介苗在成人中的疗效有限且抗原性较差,这引发了设计新型结核病疫苗的需求。有限的参数是有效抗原的可用性;因此,研究那些如果包含在候选疫苗中就能提供更强免疫反应的()特异性抗原至关重要。通过本综述,我们旨在关注正在进行临床前和临床研究的当前候选疫苗的进展。此外,在微调免疫反应和结核病易感性方面起关键作用的不是病原体,而是宿主的遗传学。在过去50年里,治疗结核病患者的系统方法忽略了药代动力学、免疫反应和治疗持续时间等因素。从今往后,本综述强调考虑基因构成和宿主免疫力的精准医学指导方法,这可能会影响临床管理选择。这份综合综述将阐明候选疫苗的进展,这些进展可用于结核病预防疫苗的开发。

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本文引用的文献

[1]
BCG Revaccination for the Prevention of Infection.

N Engl J Med. 2025-5-8

[2]
Early introduction of IL-10 weakens BCG revaccination's protection by suppressing CD4Th1 cell responses.

J Transl Med. 2024-12-4

[3]
Implications of subclinical tuberculosis for vaccine trial design and global effect.

Lancet Microbe. 2024-10

[4]
Randomised, double-blind, controlled phase 1 trial of the candidate tuberculosis vaccine ChAdOx1-85A delivered by aerosol versus intramuscular route.

J Infect. 2024-8

[5]
Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) Revaccination and Protection Against Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review.

Cureus. 2024-3-21

[6]
Effect of BCG vaccination against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in adult Brazilian health-care workers: a nested clinical trial.

Lancet Infect Dis. 2024-6

[7]
Non-clinical evaluation of local and systemic immunity induced by different vaccination strategies of the candidate tuberculosis vaccine M72/AS01.

Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2023-12

[8]
Safety and immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 85A prime followed by MVA85A boost compared with BCG revaccination among Ugandan adolescents who received BCG at birth: a randomised, open-label trial.

Lancet Infect Dis. 2024-3

[9]
Host genetic background is a barrier to broadly effective vaccine-mediated protection against tuberculosis.

J Clin Invest. 2023-7-3

[10]
Safety and Immunogenicity of the ID93 + GLA-SE Tuberculosis Vaccine in BCG-Vaccinated Healthy Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial.

Infect Dis Ther. 2023-6

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