Parsons Juliana, Decker Eva L, Reski Ralf
Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Schaenzlestr. 1, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Signalling Research Centre BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
J Exp Bot. 2025 Aug 14. doi: 10.1093/jxb/eraf367.
Mosses from the genus Sphagnum have experienced 350 million years of separate evolution, resulting in distinctive features, such as unlimited apical growth potential, unknown from other mosses. They are ecosystem engineers and the main components of peatlands. Although peatlands cover only a small part of Earth's landmass, they store more carbon than all living matter combined. Peat mining and agriculture result in degraded peatlands, and thus have a dramatic negative impact on our climate. Sphagnum farming is a promising approach to combat climate change. Here, we review the state of the art with a focus on the establishment of a peat moss collection and their growth in vitro, especially in photobioreactors. Axenic, monoclonal Sphagnum strains have been established from spore capsules that have been collected from different peatlands across Europe. Analyses with flow cytometry have revealed haploid as well as diploid accessions. Optimization of the media composition for several species have resulted in an up to 50-fold biomass increase in a photobioreactor process. Future work should employ transcriptomics for a further optimization of biomass gain. Moreover, the importance of the Sphagnum microbiome should be considered for transplantation of the axenic, clonal moss material to open fields.
泥炭藓属的苔藓已经历了3.5亿年的独立进化，形成了独特的特征，比如具有无限的顶端生长潜力，这是其他苔藓所没有的。它们是生态系统工程师，也是泥炭地的主要组成部分。尽管泥炭地仅覆盖地球陆地面积的一小部分，但它们储存的碳比所有生物物质的总和还多。泥炭开采和农业活动导致泥炭地退化，从而对我们的气候产生巨大的负面影响。泥炭藓种植是应对气候变化的一种有前景的方法。在此，我们综述了相关技术现状，重点关注泥炭藓种质库的建立及其离体培养，尤其是在光生物反应器中的培养。从欧洲各地不同泥炭地采集的孢子囊中已建立了无菌单克隆泥炭藓菌株。流式细胞术分析揭示了单倍体以及二倍体种质。对几种泥炭藓物种的培养基成分进行优化，已使光生物反应器培养过程中的生物量增加了50倍。未来的工作应采用转录组学进一步优化生物量增长。此外，在将无菌克隆苔藓材料移植到野外时，应考虑泥炭藓微生物组的重要性。
