Ding Zi-Heng, Cao Chong, Chen Lei, Huan Juan
College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Aug 8;46(8):5283-5294. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202406192.
As an emerging pollutant, microplastics/nanoplastics （MPs/NPs） come from various sources, are widely distributed, and significantly affect the ecological environment safety and human health. Constructed Wetlands （CWs）, as an economical, efficient and widely used ecological treatment technology, can effectively remove various pollutants through plant-substrate-microorganism synergies, providing a feasible way for ecological restoration of MPs/NPs. At present, more and more studies have begun to focus on the migration and ecological effects of MPs/NPs in constructed wetlands. Therefore, this paper systematically summarized the latest research results and literature, focusing on the occurrence status and ecological effects of MPs/NPs in constructed wetland, including removal mechanism, ecological response of constructed wetland and operation characteristics. The removal characteristics, mechanism, and ecological effects of MPs/NPs in constructed wetlands were discussed in detail, and relevant conclusions were drawn. The constructed wetland can effectively remove MPs/NPs, with removal rates of over 90%, which are mainly trapped and degraded by plants, substrate, and microorganisms. However, MPs/NPs may also interfere with the normal functioning of constructed wetland, significantly affecting the activity of plants and microorganisms, and small-size NPs has higher toxic stress effects than MPs.
作为一种新兴污染物，微塑料/纳米塑料（MPs/NPs）来源广泛、分布普遍，对生态环境安全和人类健康构成重大影响。人工湿地（CWs）作为一种经济、高效且应用广泛的生态处理技术，能够通过植物-基质-微生物协同作用有效去除各类污染物，为MPs/NPs的生态修复提供了一条可行途径。目前，越来越多的研究开始关注MPs/NPs在人工湿地中的迁移及生态效应。因此，本文系统总结了最新的研究成果与文献，重点关注MPs/NPs在人工湿地中的存在状况及生态效应，包括去除机制、人工湿地的生态响应及运行特性。详细探讨了MPs/NPs在人工湿地中的去除特性、机制及生态效应，并得出了相关结论。人工湿地能够有效去除MPs/NPs，去除率超过90%，主要通过植物、基质和微生物的截留与降解作用。然而，MPs/NPs也可能干扰人工湿地的正常功能，显著影响植物和微生物的活性，且小尺寸NPs比MPs具有更高的毒性胁迫效应。
