Emtiazi Nikoo, Zolfi Ehsan, Mehr Farhood Khaleghi, Moradi Yasaman
Department of Pathology Medicine, Rasool Akram Hospital, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Hasheminejad Kidney Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Crit Rev Oncol Hematol. 2025 Aug 14;215:104897. doi: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2025.104897.
Cancers such as prostate cancer (PC) disproportionately impact middle-aged men (those between the ages of 45 and 60) and are a significant cause of male death worldwide. In treating PC, immunotherapy has a limited role despite its revolutionary impact on cancer care for many tumor types. Immune evasion, in which tumor cells evade detection and destruction by CD8 + cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), is an essential component in PC growth. Because of this lapse in immune monitoring, cancers can proliferate and disseminate. For CTLs to effectively recognize and eliminate tumor-associated antigens, stable and surface-localized expression of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I) is critical. Furthermore, cancer cells often exhibit immune escape mechanisms that attempt to evade T-cell identification, such as reducing or eliminating tumor MHC-I expression. Immunotherapy for cancer, including the use of antibodies that target immunological checkpoint molecules, has a worse chance of success due to tumor immune escape. Another interesting finding is the presence of tumor-infiltrating cells in PC, which indicates that the immune system does not disregard PC. In this review, we reviewed its impact on different types of cancer and the ability of cancer cells to evade the immune system. We provided a brief overview of the MHC-I structure and its essential properties. Additionally, we have explored the function of MHC-I in PC treatment. Finally, we have reviewed emerging approaches to enhance anticancer vaccines and overcome MHC-I-mediated immune evasion in PC.
前列腺癌（PC）等癌症对中年男性（45至60岁之间）的影响尤为严重，是全球男性死亡的重要原因。在治疗PC时，尽管免疫疗法对许多肿瘤类型的癌症治疗产生了革命性影响，但其作用有限。免疫逃逸是指肿瘤细胞逃避CD8 +细胞毒性T淋巴细胞（CTL）的检测和破坏，是PC生长的一个重要组成部分。由于这种免疫监测的缺失，癌症得以增殖和扩散。为了使CTL有效地识别和消除肿瘤相关抗原，主要组织相容性复合体I类（MHC-I）的稳定和表面定位表达至关重要。此外，癌细胞通常表现出试图逃避T细胞识别的免疫逃逸机制，例如减少或消除肿瘤MHC-I的表达。由于肿瘤免疫逃逸，包括使用靶向免疫检查点分子的抗体在内的癌症免疫疗法成功的机会更小。另一个有趣的发现是PC中存在肿瘤浸润细胞，这表明免疫系统并未忽视PC。在本综述中，我们回顾了其对不同类型癌症的影响以及癌细胞逃避免疫系统的能力。我们简要概述了MHC-I的结构及其基本特性。此外，我们探讨了MHC-I在PC治疗中的作用。最后，我们回顾了增强抗癌疫苗和克服PC中MHC-I介导的免疫逃逸的新兴方法。
