Guo Shuxin, Liang Chunguang, Fei Jinrui, Ma Ying, Su Weiwei, Xu Huameng, Kong Jie
Department of Nursing, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
Department of Life and Health, Huzhou College, Huzhou, Zhejiang, 313000, China.
BMC Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 15;25(1):790. doi: 10.1186/s12888-025-07244-x.
It is becoming increasingly acknowledged that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a variable factor influencing cognitive health. The aims of this study were to explore whether the severity of OSA is related to the occurrence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in people with OSA and whether different degrees of daytime sleepiness and nighttime sleep quality are related to MCI.
The study was cross-sectional. For our subjects, we selected individuals who visited the Sleep Medicine Center of Jinzhou Medical University's First Affiliated Hospital between May 2023 and October 2024, underwent polysomnography (PSG) or the home sleep apnea test (HSAT), and were diagnosed with OSA. The patients were split into two groups: one for normal cognitive function (NC) and the other for MCI. MCI was defined as Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) < 26 points. The apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the oxygen desaturation index (ODI) were used to assess the severity of sleep apnea. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) was used to assess patients' daytime sleepiness, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Scale (PSQI) was used to assess their sleep quality. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the variables.
In this study, 387 patients with OSA (45.3 ± 12.6 years, 82.4% male) were included, of whom 38% had MCI (52.4 ± 11.9 years, 74.1% male). In the unadjusted model, the sleep apnea severity, daytime sleepiness severity, and different sleep quality at night were positively related to MCI. After controlling for confounding factors, this correlation was no longer significant. Only severe sleep apnea (AHI ≥ 30/h, p < 0.001), poor nighttime sleep quality (PSQI ≥ 9, p = 0.020), and sleepiness (ESS ≥ 11, p < 0.05) were associated with increased risk of MCI.
Severe sleep apnea, poor sleep quality, and sleepiness were relevant to increased risk of MCI. It provides a basis for a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between OSA and MCI.
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停（OSA）作为影响认知健康的一个可变因素，日益受到认可。本研究旨在探讨OSA的严重程度是否与OSA患者轻度认知障碍（MCI）的发生有关，以及不同程度的日间嗜睡和夜间睡眠质量是否与MCI有关。
本研究为横断面研究。研究对象为2023年5月至2024年10月期间就诊于锦州医科大学附属第一医院睡眠医学中心，接受多导睡眠监测（PSG）或家庭睡眠呼吸暂停测试（HSAT）并被诊断为OSA的个体。患者被分为两组：一组为认知功能正常（NC）组，另一组为MCI组。MCI定义为蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MOCA）评分＜26分。采用呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）和氧饱和度下降指数（ODI）评估睡眠呼吸暂停的严重程度。采用爱泼华嗜睡量表（ESS）评估患者的日间嗜睡程度，采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）评估其睡眠质量。采用多因素logistic回归分析评估各变量之间的相关性。
本研究共纳入387例OSA患者（年龄45.3±12.6岁，男性占82.4%），其中38%患有MCI（年龄52.4±11.9岁，男性占74.1%）。在未校正模型中，睡眠呼吸暂停严重程度、日间嗜睡严重程度和夜间不同睡眠质量与MCI呈正相关。在控制混杂因素后，这种相关性不再显著。只有严重睡眠呼吸暂停（AHI≥30次/小时，p＜0.001）、夜间睡眠质量差（PSQI≥9，p=0.020）和嗜睡（ESS≥11，p＜0.05）与MCI风险增加相关。
严重睡眠呼吸暂停、睡眠质量差和嗜睡与MCI风险增加相关。这为更全面地理解OSA与MCI之间的关系提供了依据。
