Ma Bingxin, Sun Yan, Shen Qingxian, Zhang Yuyang, Wang Dongrui, Ma Junwei, Dong Xinyi, Zhao Yue, Lu Qi
School of Nursing, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
Department of Neurology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2025 Aug;40(8):e70139. doi: 10.1002/gps.70139.
Cognitive impairment and sensory impairment are highly prevalent in older adults, but the relationship between the two remains inconclusive. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between visual impairment (VI), hearing impairment (HI), dual sensory impairment (DSI), and the onset of cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults.
Data were obtained from the 2011-2018 China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) cohort. Cognitive impairment was defined using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (CMMSE), with a score below 18 indicating its onset. VI and HI were identified through self-reported questionnaires. Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to estimate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between single and dual SI with cognitive impairment.
A total of 3239 adults aged 65 and older were analyzed, with 329 participants (10.2%) developing cognitive impairment over 21,039 person-years of follow-up. Participants with single VI (HR 1.42, 95% CI 1.08-1.87), single HI (HR 2.24, 95% CI 1.58-3.15), and DSI (HR 2.08, 95% CI 1.44-3.01) exhibited significantly higher risks of cognitive impairment compared to those without SI.
In this nationally representative sample of Chinese older adults, VI, HI, and DSI, were significantly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. Future studies are encouraged to employ standardized tools to assess sensory and cognitive impairments, further explore the mechanisms linking the two, and consider the potential benefits of incorporating sensory impairment assessment and management into primary healthcare to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment.
认知障碍和感觉障碍在老年人中非常普遍，但两者之间的关系仍无定论。本研究旨在探讨中国老年人中视力障碍（VI）、听力障碍（HI）、双重感觉障碍（DSI）与认知障碍发病之间的关系。
数据来自2011 - 2018年中国老年健康影响因素跟踪调查（CLHLS）队列。认知障碍采用中文版简易精神状态检查表（CMMSE）进行定义，得分低于18分表明认知障碍发病。通过自我报告问卷确定视力障碍和听力障碍。应用Cox比例风险回归模型估计单重和双重感觉障碍与认知障碍之间关联的粗风险比（HR）和调整后风险比，并给出95%置信区间（CI）。
共分析了3239名65岁及以上的成年人，在21039人年的随访中，有329名参与者（10.2%）出现认知障碍。与无感觉障碍的参与者相比，单重视力障碍者（HR 1.42，95% CI 1.08 - 1.87）、单重听力障碍者（HR 2.24，95% CI 1.58 - 3.15）和双重感觉障碍者（HR 2.08，95% CI 1.44 - 3.01）出现认知障碍的风险显著更高。
在这个具有全国代表性的中国老年人样本中，视力障碍、听力障碍和双重感觉障碍与认知障碍风险增加显著相关。鼓励未来的研究采用标准化工具评估感觉和认知障碍，进一步探索两者之间的联系机制，并考虑将感觉障碍评估和管理纳入初级医疗保健的潜在益处，以降低认知障碍风险。
