青春期前男性运动员脚背踢足球时高球速的生物力学决定因素：肌肉弹性的重要性。
Biomechanical determinants of high ball speed during instep soccer kick by prepubescent male athletes: the importance of muscle elasticity.
作者信息
Deniz Volkan, Kılcı Abdullah
机构信息
Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Tarsus University, Mersin, Turkey.
Department of Sport Sciences, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey.
出版信息
PeerJ. 2025 Aug 13;13:e19923. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19923. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to determine whether muscle viscoelastic properties, muscle activation and thigh rotational velocity and rotational acceleration are significantly associated with high ball speed during instep soccer kick by prepubescent male athletes.
METHODOLOGY
This study included 31 prepubescent male soccer players. Maximal ball speed during the instep kick was measured using a radar gun. Viscoelastic properties such as tone, elasticity, and stiffness of the superficial abdominal and leg muscles were measured at rest using myotonometry. The activation of the rectus abdominis (RA) and rectus femoris (RF), as well as the thigh's three-dimensional rotational velocity and acceleration, were evaluated using surface electromyography and an inertial measurement unit.
RESULTS
Significant negative correlations were found between the maximum ball speed and the hamstring medialis (HM) and gastrocnemius medialis (GM) elasticity (r = -0.656 and -0.680; power > 0.95; < 0.05 for all). Significant positive correlations existed between maximum ball speed and RA-RF activation (r = 0.494 and 0.579), maximum thigh rotational velocity in the sagittal plane (r = 0.619), and maximum thigh rotational acceleration in the sagittal (r = 0.435) and horizontal (r = 0.380) planes (power > 0.95; < 0.05 for all). The multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that significant parameters for maximum ball speed were HM (B = -36.84) and GM (B = -26.83) elasticity along with thigh rotational velocity in sagittal plane (B = 0.01) (adjusted R = 0.56, delta R = 0.17).
CONCLUSIONS
The elasticity of the GM and HM muscles, the activation levels of the RA and RF muscles, and the rotational velocity-acceleration of the thigh in the sagittal and horizontal planes were significant factors associated with high ball speed during the instep kick. To enhance ball speed during the instep kick, training methods that focus on improving the elasticity of the GM and HM muscles, as well as increasing activation of the core and rectus femoris, should be prioritized for prepubescent male soccer players.
背景
本研究的目的是确定青春期前男性运动员在脚背内侧踢足球时，肌肉粘弹性特性、肌肉激活情况以及大腿旋转速度和旋转加速度是否与高球速显著相关。
方法
本研究纳入了31名青春期前男性足球运动员。使用雷达枪测量脚背内侧踢球时的最大球速。使用肌动测量法在休息时测量腹直肌和腿部肌肉的粘弹性特性，如张力、弹性和刚度。使用表面肌电图和惯性测量单元评估腹直肌（RA）和股直肌（RF）的激活情况，以及大腿的三维旋转速度和加速度。
结果
最大球速与半膜肌（HM）和腓肠肌内侧头（GM）的弹性之间存在显著负相关（r = -0.656和-0.680；功效>0.95；所有P<0.05）。最大球速与RA-RF激活（r = 0.494和0.579）、矢状面最大大腿旋转速度（r = 0.619）以及矢状面（r = 0.435）和水平面（r = 0.380）最大大腿旋转加速度之间存在显著正相关（功效>0.95；所有P<0.05）。多元线性回归分析表明，最大球速的显著参数是HM（B = -36.84）和GM（B = -26.83）的弹性以及矢状面大腿旋转速度（B = 0.01）（调整后R = 0.56，ΔR = 0.17）。
结论
GM和HM肌肉的弹性、RA和RF肌肉的激活水平以及大腿在矢状面和水平面的旋转速度-加速度是与脚背内侧踢球时高球速相关的重要因素。为提高青春期前男性足球运动员脚背内侧踢球的球速，应优先采用专注于改善GM和HM肌肉弹性以及增加核心和股直肌激活的训练方法。
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