Ma Jiayu, Guo Xiaodong
College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of MOE, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.
Front Nutr. 2025 Jul 31;12:1596673. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2025.1596673. eCollection 2025.
Fumonisin B1 (FB1) contamination has emerged as a global concern due to its high incidence, severe toxicity, and profound implications for food safety and human health. Consequently, there is an urgent demand for the development of novel analytical techniques that enable simple, rapid, and accurate detection of FB1. Conventional methods for mycotoxin analysis, such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), thin-layer chromatography (TLC), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), often suffer from limitations including high cost, time-consuming procedures, environmental sensitivity, and reliance on specialized expertise. Nucleic acid aptamers, generated via Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX), have garnered significant attention as next-generation bioreceptors, demonstrating remarkable progress in food safety applications. Leveraging their high specificity and strong affinity for target molecules, aptamers have been successfully employed as alternatives to conventional methods for FB1 detection, leading to the development of diverse aptasensor platforms. This review systematically summarizes recent advancements (2013-2025) in optical and electrochemical aptasensors for FB1 detection, elucidating their working principles, merits, and limitations. It further evaluates the impact of material integration on sensor performance, identifies existing limitations in selected aptasensor configurations, and proposes corresponding optimization strategies. Finally, the current challenges hindering the practical implementation of aptasensors are critically analyzed, and future research directions are outlined to advance this promising field.
伏马菌素B1（FB1）污染因其高发生率、严重毒性以及对食品安全和人类健康的深远影响，已成为全球关注的问题。因此，迫切需要开发能够简单、快速且准确地检测FB1的新型分析技术。传统的霉菌毒素分析方法，如高效液相色谱法（HPLC）、液相色谱 - 质谱联用法（LC - MS）、薄层色谱法（TLC）、气相色谱 - 质谱联用法（GC - MS）和酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA），常常存在局限性，包括成本高；程序耗时；对环境敏感；以及依赖专业技术知识。通过指数富集配体系统进化技术（SELEX）产生的核酸适体，作为下一代生物受体已受到广泛关注，在食品安全应用中取得了显著进展。利用其对目标分子的高特异性和强亲和力，适体已成功用作FB1检测的传统方法的替代物，从而推动了多种适体传感器平台的发展。本综述系统地总结了用于FB1检测的光学和电化学适体传感器的最新进展（2013 - 2025年），阐明了它们的工作原理、优点和局限性。它进一步评估了材料整合对传感器性能的影响，确定了所选适体传感器配置中存在的局限性，并提出了相应的优化策略。最后，对阻碍适体传感器实际应用的当前挑战进行了批判性分析，并概述了未来的研究方向，以推动这一有前景的领域发展。
