Bretzel R G, Schatz H
Zentralbl Chir. 1985;110(21):1304-14.
General factors affecting the prognosis of thyroid cancer are age and sex of the patient. The size of the primary tumour seems to be unimportant whilst the thyroid capsule is intact. Distant metastases shorten the survival time, whereas in cases of differentiated carcinoma cervical lymph node have no prognostic influence. A combined therapy of near-total thyroidectomy, 131-J-treatment, and TSH-suppression therapy using thyroid hormones is most successful. Additional external radiation seems to exert some positive effects in special cases. The cell-type has a great prognostic influence irrespective of the above mentioned variables. Papillary carcinoma has the best prognosis with a 5-yrs and 10-yrs survival rate of 86% or 78% respectively. The rates for follicular carcinoma are 72% respectively or 60%, for oncocytotic carcinoma (Hürthle's cell cancer) 83% and 50%, and for medullary carcinoma (C-cell cancer) 70% or 55% respectively. The natural history of undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinoma is nearly always fatal with survival rates of 9% and 3% for 5 years or 10 years respectively.
影响甲状腺癌预后的一般因素包括患者的年龄和性别。当甲状腺包膜完整时，原发肿瘤的大小似乎并不重要。远处转移会缩短生存时间，而在分化型癌病例中，颈部淋巴结对预后没有影响。甲状腺次全切除术、¹³¹碘治疗以及使用甲状腺激素进行促甲状腺激素抑制治疗的联合疗法最为成功。在特殊情况下，额外的外照射似乎能发挥一些积极作用。无论上述变量如何，细胞类型对预后有很大影响。乳头状癌预后最佳，5年和10年生存率分别为86%和78%。滤泡状癌的相应生存率分别为72%和60%，嗜酸细胞癌（许特莱细胞癌）为83%和50%，髓样癌（C细胞癌）为70%和55%。未分化（间变性）癌的自然病程几乎总是致命的，5年和10年生存率分别为9%和3%。
