Xu Liang, Zhou Zilin, Lv Ying, Li Ling, Yuan Hai, Sun Yaping, Hu Fengqi
Department of Nephrology, Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, 441000, China.
School of Medicine, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430065, China.
BMC Nephrol. 2025 Aug 19;26(1):471. doi: 10.1186/s12882-025-04403-w.
Multiple wasp stings that induce acute kidney injury (AKI) pose a significant threat to human health. This review focuses on the roles and mechanisms of inflammation in wasp sting-induced AKI. Relevant clinical studies, although limited in scope, have reported elevated levels of various inflammatory mediators in patients. These increased inflammatory mediators serve as indicators of inflammation and are potential predictors of wasp sting-induced AKI. However, clinical research is impeded by factors such as inconsistent patient baselines and lack of standardization for the use of wasp venom. To further explore the mechanisms, animal and cellular models have been developed to mimic the clinical manifestations. Basic studies have confirmed that inflammation plays a crucial role in such injuries. Importantly, mitochondrial DNA release and the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling axis have been identified as key regulators of the inflammatory response in wasp sting-induced AKI. These studies on inflammation present potential targets for therapeutic interventions, and plasma exchange has been proven effective. Overall, this review provides in-depth insights into the mechanisms and basis of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of wasp sting-induced AKI pathogenesis.
多处黄蜂蜇伤引发急性肾损伤（AKI）对人类健康构成重大威胁。本综述聚焦于炎症在黄蜂蜇伤所致急性肾损伤中的作用及机制。相关临床研究虽范围有限，但已报道患者体内多种炎症介质水平升高。这些炎症介质水平的升高是炎症的指标，也是黄蜂蜇伤所致急性肾损伤的潜在预测指标。然而，临床研究受到诸如患者基线不一致以及黄蜂毒液使用缺乏标准化等因素的阻碍。为进一步探究机制，已建立动物和细胞模型来模拟临床表现。基础研究已证实炎症在此类损伤中起关键作用。重要的是，线粒体DNA释放以及环鸟苷酸-腺苷酸合成酶-干扰素基因刺激物（STING）信号轴已被确定为黄蜂蜇伤所致急性肾损伤炎症反应的关键调节因子。这些关于炎症的研究提供了潜在的治疗干预靶点，血浆置换已被证明有效。总体而言，本综述深入探讨了治疗黄蜂蜇伤所致急性肾损伤发病机制的治疗策略的机制和基础。
