Richman C L, Clark M L, Brown K P
Adolescence. 1985 Fall;20(79):556-66.
This study assessed the effects of gender, race, and social class on the general and area-specific self-esteem of high school students. One hundred and ninety-five high school students served as subjects in a 2 (gender: male, female) X 2 (race: black, white) X 3 (social class: low, middle and high) factorial design. The Rosenberg General Self-Esteem, the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept, and the Brookover Self-Concept of Ability and School Achievement scales were the measures of either general or specific self-esteem. Females, whites, and lower social class adolescents were consistently lower in their self-esteem scores than were males, blacks, and upper social class teenagers, respectively. White females were found to be lower in general and happiness self-esteem than all other gender by race subgroups. High SES white students were lower on the happiness and behavior self-esteem measures than black students and white middle-class students. Black males and white females were less confident in their school ability than were black females and white males.
本研究评估了性别、种族和社会阶层对高中生总体自尊及特定领域自尊的影响。195名高中生参与了一项2（性别：男、女）×2（种族：黑人、白人）×3（社会阶层：低、中、高）析因设计的研究，作为研究对象。罗森伯格总体自尊量表、皮尔斯-哈里斯儿童自我概念量表以及布鲁克弗能力与学业成就自我概念量表用于测量总体自尊或特定自尊。女性、白人以及社会阶层较低的青少年的自尊得分始终分别低于男性、黑人以及社会阶层较高的青少年。研究发现，白人女性在总体自尊和幸福感自尊方面低于所有其他按性别和种族划分的亚组。高社会经济地位（SES）的白人学生在幸福感和行为自尊测量方面低于黑人学生和白人中产阶级学生。黑人男性和白人女性在学业能力方面的自信心低于黑人女性和白人男性。
