Cascio Christopher N, O'Donnell Matthew B, Simons-Morton Bruce G, Bingham C Raymond, Falk Emily B
University of Pennsylvania.
National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
Cult Brain. 2017 Apr;5(1):50-70. doi: 10.1007/s40167-016-0046-3. Epub 2017 Jan 7.
People from different cultural backgrounds respond differently to social cues, and may use their brains differently in social situations. Socioeconomic status (SES) is one key cultural variable that influences susceptibility to social cues, with those from lower SES backgrounds tending toward greater interdependence, and those from higher SES backgrounds tending toward greater independence. Building on past research linking brain sensitivity during social exclusion with tendency to take risks in the presence of peers, we examined whether SES moderated the relationship between neural measures of sensitivity during social exclusion and later conformity to peer pressure in a driving simulator. Our data show that SES does moderate the relationship between brain responses during social exclusion and conformity to peer influence on driving behavior. Specifically, increased activity in brain regions implicated in social pain and reward-sensitivity during social exclusion were associated with greater conformity to peer passenger driving norms for low SES and decreased conformity for high SES. In addition, increased activity brain regions implicated in understanding others' mental states during exclusion was associated with similar patterns of decreased conformity for high SES. Overall, results highlight the importance of considering cultural factors, such as SES, in understanding the relationship between neural processing of social cues and how these translate into real-world relevant behaviors.
来自不同文化背景的人对社交线索的反应不同，在社交场合中使用大脑的方式也可能不同。社会经济地位（SES）是影响对社交线索敏感度的一个关键文化变量，SES背景较低的人往往更倾向于相互依赖，而SES背景较高的人则更倾向于独立。基于以往将社会排斥期间的大脑敏感性与在同伴面前冒险倾向联系起来的研究，我们研究了SES是否调节了社会排斥期间敏感性的神经测量与后来在驾驶模拟器中对同伴压力的顺从之间的关系。我们的数据表明，SES确实调节了社会排斥期间的大脑反应与对驾驶行为中同伴影响的顺从之间的关系。具体而言，在社会排斥期间涉及社会痛苦和奖励敏感性的大脑区域活动增加，与低SES人群对同伴乘客驾驶规范的更高顺从性相关，而与高SES人群的顺从性降低相关。此外，在排斥期间涉及理解他人心理状态的大脑区域活动增加，与高SES人群类似的顺从性降低模式相关。总体而言，研究结果凸显了在理解社交线索的神经处理与这些如何转化为现实世界相关行为之间的关系时，考虑文化因素（如SES）的重要性。
