Nguyen Van Le, Dao Hung Nguyen, Le Van Thi Hong, Nguyen An Van, Ha Van Thi Thu, Nguyen Quynh Thi Nhu, Do Hoa Thanh, Son Nguyen Thai, Anh Do Ngoc
Department of Medical Microbiology, Military Hospital 103, Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vietnam Military Hospital 103, Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Ther Adv Infect Dis. 2025 Aug 17;12:20499361251365028. doi: 10.1177/20499361251365028. eCollection 2025 Jan-Dec.
BACKGROUND: Group B (GBS) infection among pregnant women is a major risk factor for a significant proportion of early-onset disease and late-onset disease in infants worldwide; however, data on the epidemiological features of GBS in Vietnam are very limited. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence, potential risk factors, and serotype distribution of GBS isolates isolated from rectovaginal specimens of Vietnamese pregnant women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at three hospitals in Hanoi City, Vietnam, from October 2021 to May 2022. Combined rectovaginal swabs were collected from pregnant women at 35-37 weeks of gestation. GBS was isolated from swabs using selective enrichment in Todd-Hewitt broth and cultured on Columbia agar plates with 5% sheep blood, and Chromogenic Strepto B. All isolates were confirmed through the Gram staining, the CAMP test, and specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). GBS serotyping was performed by using the multiplex PCR assays. Risk factors for GBS carriage were analyzed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression tools. RESULTS: The prevalence of rectovaginal GBS carriage was 19.52% of 876 participants. Multivariate analysis identified two independent risk factors associated with GBS colonization: a high level of education and yellow vaginal discharge. Among these isolates, serotype III ( = 40, 23.39%) was the most frequently found, followed by serotypes V ( = 37, 21.64%), VI ( = 21, 12.28%), Ia ( = 18, 10.53%), Ib ( = 17, 9.95%), II ( = 8, 8.77%), and VII ( = 1, 0.58%), respectively. Capsular types IV, VIII, and IX were not detected. No statistically significant correlation was found between GBS infection and the distribution of the identified serotypes. CONCLUSION: The GBS colonization rate in pregnant women was consistent with findings from other studies worldwide. Higher educational attainment and the presence of yellow vaginal discharge were independently associated with an increased risk of GBS colonization. The predominance of GBS serotypes III, V, and VI was a notable feature among the strains isolated from pregnant women in Vietnam.
背景：全球范围内，孕妇感染B族链球菌（GBS）是导致相当一部分婴儿早发型疾病和晚发型疾病的主要危险因素；然而，越南GBS流行病学特征的数据非常有限。 目的：确定从越南孕妇直肠阴道标本中分离出的GBS菌株的患病率、潜在危险因素和血清型分布。 设计：横断面研究。 方法：2021年10月至2022年5月在越南河内市的三家医院进行了一项横断面研究。在妊娠35 - 37周时从孕妇中采集直肠阴道联合拭子。使用托德 - 休伊特肉汤中的选择性富集方法从拭子中分离GBS，并在含5%羊血的哥伦比亚琼脂平板和显色性B族链球菌琼脂平板上培养。所有分离株均通过革兰氏染色、CAMP试验和特异性聚合酶链反应（PCR）进行确认。使用多重PCR检测法进行GBS血清分型。使用单因素和多因素逻辑回归工具分析GBS携带的危险因素。 结果：876名参与者中直肠阴道GBS携带率为19.52%。多因素分析确定了与GBS定植相关的两个独立危险因素：高学历和阴道分泌物发黄。在这些分离株中，血清型III（= 40，23.39%）最为常见，其次分别是血清型V（= 37，21.64%）、VI（= 21，12.28%）、Ia（= 18，10.53%）、Ib（= 17，9.95%）、II（= 8，8.77%）和VII（= 1，0.58%）。未检测到荚膜型IV、VIII和IX。在GBS感染与所确定血清型的分布之间未发现统计学上的显著相关性。 结论：孕妇GBS定植率与全球其他研究结果一致。高学历和阴道分泌物发黄与GBS定植风险增加独立相关。GBS血清型III、V和VI占优势是从越南孕妇中分离出的菌株的一个显著特征。
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