Bunch Katherine M, Greeneway Garret P, Ansari Darius S, Patel Chetan, Nottmeier Eric W, Madhavan Karthik H S, Pirris Stephen M, Sama Andrew A, Brooks Nathaniel P
Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, WI.
Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Advent Health, Altamonte Springs, FL.
N Am Spine Soc J. 2025 Jul 8;23:100769. doi: 10.1016/j.xnsj.2025.100769. eCollection 2025 Sep.
Procedural and technical advances in spinal surgery, such as the utilization of minimally-invasive techniques, have evolved alongside the development and distribution of tools such as navigation, robotics, augmented reality (AR), dynamic visualization, and preoperative planning modules. Each innovative advancement in a surgeon's ability to see, measure, and manipulate human tissue entails an improvement or novel application of existing tools. Similarly, given the enormous economic and opportunity costs associated with the research and development of novel technologies, these efforts must be refined to address existing needs and infrastructure gaps. The successful application of enabling technologies such as robotics, navigation, and minimally-invasive techniques, is therefore dependent upon the expansion of new surgical tools and techniques.
We review numerous technological advances (Navigation, Intraoperative Imaging, Robotics, Augmented Reality, Computational Planning and Visualization) within the field of spine surgery and demonstrate their mutually beneficial, yet dependent, relationship with one another in advancing spine surgery technology through both expert opinion and published literature.
We provide an overview of several different domains of enabling technology as they pertain to novel applications in spinal surgery and review current uses, limitations, and areas of potential improvement.
The integration of augmented reality, robotics, visualization and navigational technologies, minimally invasive techniques, and other advanced tools have enabled the surgeon to perform both standard and novel procedures in unique ways.
脊柱外科手术的程序和技术进步，如微创技术的应用，是随着导航、机器人技术、增强现实（AR）、动态可视化和术前规划模块等工具的发展和普及而演变的。外科医生在观察、测量和操作人体组织能力方面的每一项创新进步都需要对现有工具进行改进或创新应用。同样，鉴于与新技术研发相关的巨大经济和机会成本，必须对这些努力进行优化，以满足现有需求和填补基础设施差距。因此，机器人技术、导航技术和微创技术等使能技术的成功应用依赖于新手术工具和技术的扩展。
我们回顾了脊柱外科领域的众多技术进步（导航、术中成像、机器人技术、增强现实、计算规划和可视化），并通过专家意见和已发表的文献证明它们在推进脊柱外科技术方面相互有益但又相互依存的关系。
我们概述了与脊柱外科新应用相关的几个不同领域的使能技术，并回顾了其当前用途、局限性和潜在改进领域。
增强现实、机器人技术、可视化和导航技术、微创技术及其他先进工具的整合，使外科医生能够以独特的方式进行标准和新颖的手术。
