He Ya-Nan, Zhu Hao-Hao, Zhou Zhen-He, Qu Kan-Kan
Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214151, Jiangsu Province, China.
Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Mental Health Center of Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214151, Jiangsu Province, China.
World J Psychiatry. 2025 Aug 19;15(8):108933. doi: 10.5498/wjp.v15.i8.108933.
To illustrate the mechanisms of exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) in common mental disorders, and explore their potential as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, a systematic literature review of relevant studies on exosomal miRNAs in mental disorders was conducted. Data from cell experiments, animal models, and clinical studies were analyzed and combined to study the mechanisms and roles of exosomal miRNAs in various mental disorders. Research has shown that exosomal miRNAs, such as miR-146a, miR-223, miR-125b, and miR-451a, affect Alzheimer's disease (AD) formation by regulating key pathways such as toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt), respectively. MiR-146a-5p regulates the occurrence of schizophrenia through the Notch pathway. TLR4 regulates miR-146a and miR-155 in major depressive disorder (MDD), and miR-144-5p regulates the disease through PI3K/Akt. Exosomal miR-484, miR-652-3p, miR-142-3p, miR-21a-3p, and miR-21-5p regulate key pathways in bipolar disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and Rett syndrome (., TLR4, PI3K/Akt, and /) and have an influence on mental disorders. Exosomal miRNAs are involved in the occurrence of mental disorders through TLR4, PI3K/Akt, and / pathways, which provides a clearer understanding of disease cognition. Of these pathways, the TLR4 and PI3K/Akt pathways play a role in AD, MDD, and neurodevelopmental disorders, which can be used as an effective breakthrough in the study of mental disorders. Exosomal miRNAs could also serve as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets, providing new insights into precise interventions for mental disorders.
为阐明外泌体微小RNA（miRNA）在常见精神障碍中的作用机制，并探索其作为诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力，我们对精神障碍中外泌体miRNA的相关研究进行了系统的文献综述。分析并整合了来自细胞实验、动物模型和临床研究的数据，以研究外泌体miRNA在各种精神障碍中的作用机制和作用。研究表明，外泌体miRNA，如miR-146a、miR-223、miR-125b和miR-451a，分别通过调节Toll样受体4（TLR4）和磷脂酰肌醇3激酶（PI3K）/蛋白激酶B（Akt）等关键途径影响阿尔茨海默病（AD）的形成。MiR-146a-5p通过Notch途径调节精神分裂症的发生。TLR4在重度抑郁症（MDD）中调节miR-146a和miR-155，而miR-144-5p通过PI3K/Akt调节该疾病。外泌体miR-484、miR-652-3p、miR-142-3p、miR-21a-3p和miR-21-5p调节双相情感障碍、自闭症谱系障碍和雷特综合征中的关键途径（如TLR4、PI3K/Akt和/），并对精神障碍产生影响。外泌体miRNA通过TLR4、PI3K/Akt和/途径参与精神障碍的发生，这为疾病认知提供了更清晰的理解。在这些途径中，TLR4和PIISK/Akt途径在AD、MDD和神经发育障碍中起作用，可作为精神障碍研究的有效突破点。外泌体miRNA还可作为诊断生物标志物和治疗靶点，为精神障碍的精准干预提供新的见解。
