Almegren Mosaad Omar
Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Brain Circ. 2025 Apr 28;11(3):178-186. doi: 10.4103/bc.bc_158_24. eCollection 2025 Jul-Sep.
Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cause of cerebral infarction, accounting for <1% of stroke cases worldwide. The pathophysiology of CVT is multifactorial, encompassing the direct effects of thrombosis, interference with the blood-brain barrier and development of cerebral edema. Several genetic and acquired risk factors of CVT have been identified, more recently this includes the pro-thrombotic effects of coronavirus disease of 2019 infection. CVT can present with wide variation of clinical characteristics, with headache being the most common clinical manifestation. Diagnosis is based on radiological imaging. The mainstay of CVT management is prompt initiation of anti-coagulation. Failure to recognize insidious symptoms of CVT, will lead to a delay in diagnosis and consequently treatment which eventually lead to significant complications, including neurological disability and death. The aim of this narrative review is to consolidate the existing knowledge on CVT, a rare condition with a challenging diagnosis and treatment.
脑静脉血栓形成（CVT）是脑梗死的一种罕见病因，在全球范围内的中风病例中占比不到1%。CVT的病理生理学是多因素的，包括血栓形成的直接影响、对血脑屏障的干扰以及脑水肿的发展。已经确定了CVT的几种遗传和后天危险因素，最近这包括2019年冠状病毒病感染的促血栓形成作用。CVT可表现出广泛的临床特征变化，头痛是最常见的临床表现。诊断基于影像学检查。CVT治疗的主要方法是迅速开始抗凝治疗。未能识别CVT的隐匿症状将导致诊断延迟，进而导致治疗延迟，最终导致严重并发症，包括神经功能障碍和死亡。本叙述性综述的目的是巩固关于CVT的现有知识，这是一种诊断和治疗具有挑战性的罕见疾病。
