Ma Yaping, Guo Hui, Hao Yuchen, Song Bin
Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
Discov Oncol. 2025 Aug 23;16(1):1599. doi: 10.1007/s12672-025-03427-w.
With the continuous rise in breast cancer incidence and significant improvement in patient survival, the risk of developing Multiple Primary Malignancies (MPMs) has garnered increasing attention. As the most common malignant tumor in women, breast cancer has a complex pathogenesis involving multiple factors such as genetic predisposition, treatment exposure, and interactions between hormonal pathways. These tumors are often difficult to distinguish from metastases or recurrences in clinical practice, frequently leading to delays in diagnosis and treatment, thereby affecting patient prognosis. Therefore, predicting the occurrence of second primary cancer (SPC) in cancer survivors is important in clinical diagnosis and treatment. This review synthesizes evidence from global cohorts, with an emphasis on Asian populations where relevant, to provide a narrative review of the research progress on Breast Cancer First Primary Malignancy (BCFPM). It focuses on the epidemiological characteristics, mechanisms (including the field cancerization theory and multifocal origin theory), and clinicopathological features of common cancer combinations. The aim is to identify high-risk populations for breast cancer and propose follow-up strategies, providing a scientific basis for the development of clinical prevention and intervention strategies, as well as early diagnosis and treatment.
随着乳腺癌发病率的持续上升以及患者生存率的显著提高，发生多原发性恶性肿瘤（MPMs）的风险日益受到关注。乳腺癌作为女性最常见的恶性肿瘤，其发病机制复杂，涉及遗传易感性、治疗暴露以及激素途径之间的相互作用等多种因素。在临床实践中，这些肿瘤往往难以与转移瘤或复发瘤相区分，常常导致诊断和治疗延误，进而影响患者预后。因此，预测癌症幸存者中第二原发性癌症（SPC）的发生在临床诊断和治疗中具有重要意义。本综述综合了全球队列研究的证据，重点关注相关的亚洲人群，对乳腺癌第一原发性恶性肿瘤（BCFPM）的研究进展进行叙述性综述。它聚焦于常见癌症组合的流行病学特征、机制（包括场癌化理论和多灶起源理论）以及临床病理特征。目的是识别乳腺癌的高危人群并提出随访策略，为临床预防和干预策略的制定以及早期诊断和治疗提供科学依据。
