Lu Chenqi, Ding Wenna, Xu Wei, Li Quan, He Shui-Wang, Wu Fei, Dong Wenjie, Jin Jie-Qiong, Dong Feng, Jiang Xue-Long, Wang Kai, Guo Peng, Murphy Robert W, Zhang Ya-Ping, Che Jing
State Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution & Animal Models, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China.
Natl Sci Rev. 2025 May 2;12(8):nwaf157. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwaf157. eCollection 2025 Aug.
The Hengduan Mountains (HDM) harbor the richest temperate diversity in the Northern Hemisphere, yet our understanding of how this exceptionally diverse biota evolved remains obscure. Large-scale historical biogeographic analyses of 851 terrestrial vertebrate species and their relatives (totaling 4862 species) reveal that multiple evolutionary pathways formed this biodiversity hotspot. Whereas speciation dominates in amphibians and non-avian reptiles, near-equal speciation and colonization occurs in mammals, and colonization happens primarily in birds. HDM are a 'cradle' for neo-endemics and a 'sink' receiving surrounding biotas, mostly (>30%) coming from the Indo-Malay region. Orogenesis and monsoon intensification triggered speciation initiated in the early Oligocene and peaking around 7-8 Ma. Analyses of different taxonomic groups reveal contrasting evolutionary processes and how major geo-climatic events override taxon-specific attributes. Results highlight the need to incorporate taxon-specific traits into future conservation planning to effectively address the unique needs and challenges of different groups.
横断山脉拥有北半球最丰富的温带生物多样性，但我们对这一异常多样的生物群是如何演化的了解仍然模糊不清。对851种陆生脊椎动物及其亲属（总计4862种）进行的大规模历史生物地理学分析表明，多种进化途径形成了这个生物多样性热点地区。在两栖动物和非鸟类爬行动物中，物种形成占主导地位，而在哺乳动物中，物种形成和定殖近乎相等，而定殖主要发生在鸟类中。横断山脉是新特有物种的“摇篮”，也是接收周边生物群的“汇”，其中大部分（>30%）来自印度-马来地区。造山运动和季风增强引发了始于渐新世早期、在约700-800万年前达到顶峰的物种形成。对不同分类群的分析揭示了不同的进化过程，以及主要地质气候事件如何超越分类群特定属性。研究结果强调，在未来的保护规划中需要纳入分类群特定特征，以有效应对不同群体的独特需求和挑战。
