Chen Shuai, Long Yinqi, Guo Zijian, Di Jingkai, Xu Jiake, Xiang Chuan
Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Bone and Soft Tissue Injury Repair, Department of Orthopedics, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, People's Republic of China.
J Inflamm Res. 2025 Aug 17;18:11191-11204. doi: 10.2147/JIR.S525245. eCollection 2025.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal issue. In the absence of effective pharmacological interventions, advanced stages of this disease frequently necessitate joint replacement surgery, thereby imposing a substantial socioeconomic burden. An increasing number of studies suggest that subchondral bone osteoclasts are crucial for the onset of arthritis, even before the formation of cartilage lesions. Osteoclasts are the only type of cells responsible for bone resorption and are integral to the etiology of OA. Subchondral osteoclasts accelerate OA progression by mediating cartilage damage, promoting angiogenesis, and mediating neuropathic pain. With advancements in knowledge of bone biology and focused medicines, OA therapeutics for osteoclasts are gradually being revealed. This article presents an examination of the function and processes that regulate subchondral osteoclasts in OA, detailing recent breakthroughs in targeted therapy for osteoarthritis involving subchondral osteoclasts. The aim of this study is to address the current knowledge gap in OA treatment and promote the advancement of innovative therapeutic approaches. Notably, combining single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) with traditional therapeutic approaches to investigate the gene expression patterns of osteoclasts in OA from both temporal and spatial dimensions may lead to the discovery of novel OA treatment targets.
骨关节炎（OA）是最常见的肌肉骨骼疾病。在缺乏有效药物干预的情况下，这种疾病的晚期阶段常常需要进行关节置换手术，从而带来巨大的社会经济负担。越来越多的研究表明，即使在软骨损伤形成之前，软骨下骨破骨细胞对于关节炎的发病也至关重要。破骨细胞是唯一负责骨吸收的细胞类型，并且是骨关节炎病因的一个组成部分。软骨下破骨细胞通过介导软骨损伤、促进血管生成和介导神经性疼痛来加速骨关节炎的进展。随着骨生物学知识的进步和针对性药物的出现，针对破骨细胞的骨关节炎治疗方法正逐渐被揭示。本文对骨关节炎中调节软骨下破骨细胞的功能和过程进行了研究，详细阐述了涉及软骨下破骨细胞的骨关节炎靶向治疗的最新突破。本研究的目的是填补骨关节炎治疗方面当前的知识空白，并推动创新治疗方法的发展。值得注意的是，将单细胞RNA测序（scRNA-seq）与传统治疗方法相结合，从时间和空间维度研究骨关节炎中破骨细胞的基因表达模式，可能会发现新的骨关节炎治疗靶点。
