Ming Liang, Yi Li, Ai Yisi, Ji Rimutu
College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China.
Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region International Mongolian Hospital, Hohhot 010013, Inner Mongolia, China.
Food Chem X. 2025 Jul 9;29:102729. doi: 10.1016/j.fochx.2025.102729. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Camel milk exosomes from colostrum (C) and mature milk (M) were characterized using proteomics and lipidomics to elucidate their compositional and functional differences. Isolated exosomes exhibited round and cup-like concave spheres of 30 to 150 nm and higher TSG101 expression in colostrum. Proteomic analysis identified 2479 proteins, with 843 differentially expressed (357 upregulated, 486 downregulated) between C and M, enriched in PI3K-AKT signaling, endocytosis, and complement/coagulation pathways, suggesting roles in immune regulation and neonatal development. Lipidomics revealed 1783 lipid species (37 subclasses), with 149 significantly altered between C and M, including SM (d42:4; FC = 221.887) and LPE (18:3; FC = 0.139). Colostrum exosomes were enriched in sphingomyelins and glycerophospholipids, while mature milk contained higher lysophospholipids, reflecting stage-specific nutritional adaptations. These findings provide novel insights into camel milk exosome biology, highlighting their potential as biomarkers and functional food components for infant nutrition and health applications.
采用蛋白质组学和脂质组学方法对初乳（C）和成熟乳（M）中的骆驼奶外泌体进行表征，以阐明它们在组成和功能上的差异。分离出的外泌体呈现出30至150纳米的圆形和杯状凹形球体，初乳中外泌体的TSG101表达更高。蛋白质组学分析鉴定出2479种蛋白质，其中C和M之间有843种差异表达（357种上调，486种下调），这些蛋白质在PI3K-AKT信号传导、内吞作用和补体/凝血途径中富集，表明其在免疫调节和新生儿发育中发挥作用。脂质组学分析揭示了1783种脂质种类（37个亚类），其中C和M之间有149种显著变化，包括SM（d42:4；FC = 221.887）和LPE（18:3；FC = 0.139）。初乳外泌体富含鞘磷脂和甘油磷脂，而成熟乳中溶血磷脂含量较高，这反映了特定阶段的营养适应性。这些发现为骆驼奶外泌体生物学提供了新的见解，突出了它们作为生物标志物和功能性食品成分在婴儿营养和健康应用中的潜力。
