Lessa Vinicius Lopes, Drescher Guilherme, Gonçalves Gustavo, Lopes João Carlos Baptista, Vieira Rafael Felipe da Costa, Figueiredo Fabiano Borges
Carlos Chagas Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
Front Pharmacol. 2025 Aug 7;16:1642005. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1642005. eCollection 2025.
Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites of the genus . In recent years, natural compounds have attracted significant interest due to their potential efficacy and lower toxicity compared to synthetic chemical compounds. This review analyzed studies retrieved from the PubMed and Google Scholar databases, focusing on the use of flavonoids against . Only studies testing flavonoids with known activity against the parasite were included and categorized according to their leishmanicidal efficacy. Based on the criteria established to identify the most comprehensive studies, 52 were included in the analysis. Of these, three studies met at least 13 of the evaluation parameters (70%) and were considered the most complete. Analysis of IC values reported in these articles revealed the activity of 69 flavonoids. Among the assays on amastigote forms, 33 reported high activity, and six reported moderate activity. For assays on promastigote forms, 32 experiments reported high activity, 16 showed moderate activity, and two demonstrated weak activity. Of the flavonoids tested, morelloflavone-4‴O-β-D-glycosyl and pinostrobin showed the highest activity, while naringenin exhibited the weakest activity, specifically against promastigote forms. In the cytotoxicity assays, carajurin and luteolin exhibited the highest selectivity indices reported in the articles. This review emphasizes the importance of studying flavonoids, particularly those extracted from plants and propolis, to advance our understanding and treatment of infections.
利什曼病由利什曼原虫属的原生动物寄生虫引起。近年来，天然化合物因其潜在疗效以及与合成化学化合物相比更低的毒性而备受关注。本综述分析了从PubMed和谷歌学术数据库检索到的研究，重点关注黄酮类化合物对利什曼原虫的作用。仅纳入了测试对该寄生虫具有已知活性的黄酮类化合物的研究，并根据其杀利什曼原虫的疗效进行分类。根据确定最全面研究的标准，52项研究被纳入分析。其中，三项研究满足至少13项评估参数（70%），被认为是最完整的。对这些文章中报告的IC值进行分析，揭示了69种黄酮类化合物的活性。在对无鞭毛体形式的检测中，33项报告了高活性，6项报告了中等活性。对于前鞭毛体形式的检测，32项实验报告了高活性，16项显示中等活性，2项显示弱活性。在所测试的黄酮类化合物中，桑橙素-4‴-O-β-D-糖苷和松属素表现出最高活性，而柚皮素表现出最弱活性，特别是对前鞭毛体形式。在细胞毒性检测中，卡拉朱林和木犀草素表现出文章中报告的最高选择性指数。本综述强调了研究黄酮类化合物的重要性，特别是那些从植物和蜂胶中提取的黄酮类化合物，以增进我们对利什曼原虫感染的理解和治疗。
