Warren Hailey C, Parker David A, Trotti Rebekah L, Zeng Victor, Meda Shashwath, Lencer Rebekka, Sprenger Andreas, Hill S Kristian, Brown Jennifer, Doss Isaac, Dumas Emily, Ivleva Elena I, Pearlson Godfrey, Keshavan Matcheri, Keedy Sarah, Gershon Elliot, Del Re Elisabetta, Tamminga Carol A, McDowell Jennifer E, Gibbons Robert, Clementz Brett A
Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, BioImaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2025 Aug 25. doi: 10.1111/pcn.13887.
Cognition varies across people with psychosis, including within a specific diagnosis. An important issue is identifying psychosis-specific neuro-cognitive dysfunctions. We addressed this issue by studying patterns of relationships between cognition and multiple other measures in persons with psychosis, their first-degree biological relatives, and healthy individuals (largest possible n = 2826).
Brief Assessment of Cognition and Wide Range Achievement Test estimated cognitive performance. Neuroanatomical measures were FreeSurfer parcellations of 3T MRI structural brain scans. Brain functioning measures included saccades, smooth pursuit eye movements, stop signal, EEG, ERPs, resting state fMRI, plus clinical characteristics. Overall associations between 452 measures of brain structure-function and clinical characteristics (predictors) with cognitive performance (criterion) were estimated using the High Dimensional Empirical Bayes Screening algorithm.
The model yielded a common slope of predictors on cognitive performance (slope = 0.18, r = 0.33, P < 0.001). The majority (85%) of predictors fit this function, called the BAsic NeuroCognitive Continuum (BANCC). This relationship was stronger for psychosis probands (slope = 0.20, r = 0.38) than for relatives (slope = 0.09, r = 0.17) and healthy persons (slope = 0.11, r = 0.22). There were predictor-specific deviations from the common slope. Variables more strongly associated with cognitive performance (frontal-temporal-parietal lobe volumes, hippocampal regions, antisaccade performance) may tap neural architecture common to primary psychosis pathology. Variables unrelated to cognitive performance (intrinsic neural activity, volumes of lateral thalamic nuclei) distinguish specific neurophysiologically defined B-SNIP psychosis Biotypes and may capture signatures of psychosis pathophysiology.
BANCC is identifiable across humans, but deviations from that common attribute identify features of brain structure-function perhaps most central and specific to psychosis-related pathophysiology.
精神病患者的认知存在个体差异，包括在特定诊断范围内。一个重要问题是确定精神病特有的神经认知功能障碍。我们通过研究精神病患者、其一级生物学亲属和健康个体（最大样本量(n = 2826)）的认知与多种其他测量指标之间的关系模式来解决这个问题。
认知简短评估和广泛成就测验评估认知表现。神经解剖学测量是对3T MRI结构脑扫描进行FreeSurfer脑区划分。脑功能测量包括扫视、平稳跟踪眼球运动、停止信号、脑电图、事件相关电位、静息态功能磁共振成像以及临床特征。使用高维经验贝叶斯筛选算法估计452项脑结构-功能和临床特征（预测变量）与认知表现（标准变量）之间的总体关联。
该模型得出预测变量与认知表现的共同斜率（斜率(= 0.18)，(r = 0.33)，(P < 0.001)）。大多数（85%）预测变量符合此函数，称为基本神经认知连续体（BANCC）。这种关系在精神病先证者中（斜率(= 0.20)，(r = 0.38)）比在亲属中（斜率(= 0.09)，(r = 0.17)）和健康个体中（斜率(= 0.11)，(r = 0.22)）更强。存在与共同斜率的预测变量特异性偏差。与认知表现更密切相关的变量（额颞顶叶体积、海马区域、反扫视表现）可能反映原发性精神病病理学共有的神经结构。与认知表现无关的变量（内在神经活动、外侧丘脑核体积）区分特定神经生理学定义的B-SNIP精神病生物型，可能捕捉到精神病病理生理学特征。
BANCC在人类中是可识别的，但偏离该共同属性可识别出可能对精神病相关病理生理学最为核心和特异的脑结构-功能特征。
