Umar Khalida, Sutradhar Tanisha, Prakash P, Bavanilatha M, Hemamalani A U, Prakashini R Subha, Thangam T, Parthasarathy Krupakar
Department of Biotechnology, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.
Centre for Drug Discovery and Development, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India.
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 2025 Aug 26;118(9):139. doi: 10.1007/s10482-025-02153-1.
Dengue virus (DENV) is a major global health threat, primarily transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes. It manifests in mild to severe forms, including dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, causing significant morbidity and mortality. With four serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4), the virus exhibits rapid genetic evolution, complicating vaccine development and disease control. This review explores the structural and genomic characteristics of DENV, emphasizing its evolutionary pressures, immune evasion mechanisms, and emerging strains. The virus's adaptation to environmental and host factors has led to increased outbreaks, notably in tropical regions. Global warming and urbanization have exacerbated the spread, challenging current vector control strategies. Laboratory diagnosis remains complex, relying on molecular and serological techniques with varying sensitivity. The lack of effective antiviral drugs and universally protective vaccines highlights critical gaps in disease management. Ongoing genomic surveillance and integrated control strategies are crucial for mitigating the impact of new DENV variants. This review highlights the importance of investigating the effect of emerging dengue strains on society, as well as how environmental factors exacerbate their severity.
登革病毒（DENV）是全球主要的健康威胁，主要通过伊蚊传播。它表现为轻度至重度形式，包括登革出血热和登革休克综合征，会导致显著的发病率和死亡率。该病毒有四种血清型（DENV - 1至DENV - 4），呈现出快速的基因进化，这使得疫苗研发和疾病控制变得复杂。本综述探讨了登革病毒的结构和基因组特征，重点强调了其进化压力、免疫逃避机制以及新出现的毒株。该病毒对环境和宿主因素的适应导致疫情爆发增加，特别是在热带地区。全球变暖和城市化加剧了其传播，对当前的病媒控制策略构成挑战。实验室诊断仍然复杂，依赖于灵敏度各异的分子和血清学技术。缺乏有效的抗病毒药物和普遍有效的保护性疫苗凸显了疾病管理方面的关键差距。持续的基因组监测和综合控制策略对于减轻新的登革病毒变种的影响至关重要。本综述强调了研究新出现的登革毒株对社会的影响以及环境因素如何加剧其严重性的重要性。
