de Vasconcelos Eng Amanda, Astolfi Martins João Afonso, Filho Edgar Bezerra Lira, Fischer Claudio Henrique, Monaco Claudia Gianini, Oliveira Alessandra Joslin, Oliveira Fernando Rodrigues da Camara, Campos Vieira Marcelo Luiz, Morhy Samira Saady, Tude Rodrigues Ana Clara
Faculdade Israelita de Ciências da Saúde Albert Einstein, Rua Comendador Elias Jafet, 755, Morumbi, São Paulo - SP, CEP 05653-000, Brazil.
Echocardiography Department, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, Brazil.
Eur Heart J Imaging Methods Pract. 2025 Aug 25;3(2):qyaf084. doi: 10.1093/ehjimp/qyaf084. eCollection 2025 Jul.
Transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is widely used for cardiac assessment and requires moderate sedation due to its semi-invasive nature, carrying potential risks. Music is a non-pharmacological strategy shown to reduce anxiety in various clinical settings. We prospectively investigated whether music could reduce anxiety and/or sedation dosage in patients undergoing TEE.
Sixty-three patients (>18 years) referred for TEE were randomized into a music group ( = 31) or control group ( = 32). All completed an anxiety questionnaire and had haemodynamic parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, oxygen saturation) assessed prior to transthoracic echocardiography (TTE). Music was played before TTE and continued throughout TEE in the intervention group. Anxiety and haemodynamic measurements were repeated after TTE, before sedation. Groups were compared for baseline characteristics, anxiety levels, haemodynamic changes, and midazolam dosage. There was no difference between the groups regarding age or sex; control group had more comorbidities. Anxiety levels did not differ between groups at baseline or pre-sedation ( > 0.05). A significant reduction over time was observed only in the music group ( = 0.032 vs. = 0.069), but group-by-time interaction was not significant ( = 0.347). Regarding anxiety level, it decreased in both groups, more markedly in the music group ( < 0.008 vs. = 0.04). Diastolic blood pressure also decreased after music exposure ( = 0.024). Midazolam dosage did not differ between groups but was inversely correlated with age.
Although music did not reduce sedation requirements, it significantly decreased anxiety levels and blood pressure; music may be a valuable adjunct to sedation in patients undergoing TEE.
经食管超声心动图（TEE）广泛用于心脏评估，因其具有半侵入性，需要适度镇静，存在潜在风险。音乐是一种非药物策略，已证明可在各种临床环境中减轻焦虑。我们前瞻性地研究了音乐是否能降低接受TEE患者的焦虑和/或镇静剂量。
63例（年龄>18岁）因TEE就诊的患者被随机分为音乐组（n = 31）或对照组（n = 32）。所有患者均完成一份焦虑问卷，并在经胸超声心动图（TTE）前评估血流动力学参数（血压、心率、血氧饱和度）。干预组在TTE前播放音乐，并在整个TEE过程中持续播放。在TTE后、镇静前再次进行焦虑和血流动力学测量。比较两组的基线特征、焦虑水平、血流动力学变化和咪达唑仑剂量。两组在年龄或性别方面无差异；对照组合并症更多。两组在基线或镇静前的焦虑水平无差异（P>0.05）。仅在音乐组观察到随时间有显著降低（P = 0.032对P = 0.069），但组间与时间的交互作用不显著（P = 0.347）。关于焦虑水平，两组均降低，音乐组更明显（P<0.008对P = 0.04）。音乐暴露后舒张压也降低（P = 0.024）。两组间咪达唑仑剂量无差异，但与年龄呈负相关。
尽管音乐并未降低镇静需求，但它显著降低了焦虑水平和血压；音乐可能是接受TEE患者镇静的一种有价值的辅助手段。
