Moloney Conor D, Forde Patrick M
Beaumont RCSI Cancer Centre, Dublin, V09 V2N0, Ireland.
Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D08 XF38, Ireland.
Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2025 Aug 22;17:17588359251361883. doi: 10.1177/17588359251361883. eCollection 2025.
Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80%-85% of all lung cancer cases, being the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Historically, outcomes for patients with resectable disease have trailed those with other solid organ malignancies. Advances in treatment strategies, particularly in immunotherapy (IO), have revolutionised the landscape of lung cancer care. In resectable NSCLC (rNSCLC), including stage III disease, the integration of immunotherapy is increasingly being explored for its potential to reduce recurrences and improve survival outcomes. Several landmark clinical trials have resulted in regulatory approvals, and the rapid adoption of immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant, perioperative and adjuvant settings. This review will comprehensively examine the evolving role of immunotherapy in rNSCLC, with a focus on trial evidence, mechanisms of action, biomarkers and challenges in clinical implementation. We also discuss its implications for multimodal therapy across neoadjuvant, perioperative and adjuvant settings while highlighting potential future directions and identifying unanswered questions.
非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）占所有肺癌病例的80%-85%，是全球癌症相关死亡的主要原因。从历史上看，可切除疾病患者的治疗结果落后于其他实体器官恶性肿瘤患者。治疗策略的进步，特别是免疫疗法（IO），彻底改变了肺癌护理的格局。在可切除的NSCLC（rNSCLC）中，包括III期疾病，免疫疗法的整合因其降低复发率和改善生存结果的潜力而越来越受到探索。几项具有里程碑意义的临床试验已获得监管批准，免疫疗法在新辅助、围手术期和辅助治疗中的应用迅速普及。本综述将全面探讨免疫疗法在rNSCLC中不断演变的作用，重点关注试验证据、作用机制、生物标志物以及临床实施中的挑战。我们还将讨论其在新辅助、围手术期和辅助治疗环境中对多模式治疗的影响，同时强调潜在的未来方向并确定未解决的问题。
