埃塞俄比亚西北部东戈贾姆地区公立医院孕妇对妊娠糖尿病及其相关因素的知晓情况：一项横断面研究
Awareness of gestational diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among pregnant women in public hospitals in the East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study.
作者信息
Mihiret Getachew Tilaye, Solomon Wondmu Kumlachew, Baye Fekadu, Minale Mulunesh, Yechale Mastewal, Fikrie Melese Misganaw, Haimanot Aysheshim Belaineh, Getaneh Temesgen
机构信息
Department of Midwifery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre-Markos, Ethiopia.
Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre-Markos, Ethiopia.
出版信息
Front Glob Womens Health. 2025 Aug 8;6:1535344. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2025.1535344. eCollection 2025.
BACKGROUND
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic complication during pregnancy and is associated with an increased risk of maternal and neonatal adverse outcomes. Despite it being the most prevalent complication and leading to poor pregnancy outcomes, there have been very few studies assessing awareness of GDM among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the awareness of GDM and its associated factors among pregnant women in public hospitals in the East Gojjam Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.
METHODS
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from June to August 2024. A systematic random sampling technique was utilized to select 423 participants. The data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Binary logistic regression was fitted to assess the association between the explanatory variables and the outcome variable. Variables with a -value less than 0.05, along with corresponding 95% confidence intervals, were used to declare statistical significance.
RESULTS
This study found that 27.0% (95% CI: 0.23-0.31) of the pregnant women were aware of GDM. The most common source of information about GDM was friends at 53.2%, followed by family and healthcare professionals. Factors such as partner involvement [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.58; 95% CI = (0.35-0.95)], family history of chronic medical conditions [AOR = 5.20; 95% CI = (2.40-11.25)], mistimed but wanted pregnancies [AOR = 3.36; 95% CI = (1.40-8.10)], and being Muslim [AOR = 2.89; 95% CI = (1.34-6.24)] were significantly associated with awareness of GDM.
CONCLUSION
Only a small proportion of pregnant women were aware of GDM. Mistimed but desired pregnancies, partner involvement, and family history of chronic medical conditions were significantly associated with GDM awareness. In order to mitigate the growing burden of GDM, healthcare professionals need to do more to educate women about GDM during their prenatal care follow-ups.
背景
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是孕期最常见的代谢并发症，与孕产妇和新生儿不良结局风险增加相关。尽管它是最普遍的并发症且会导致不良妊娠结局，但在埃塞俄比亚，评估孕妇对妊娠期糖尿病认知情况的研究却非常少。因此，本研究旨在确定埃塞俄比亚西北部东戈贾姆地区公立医院孕妇对妊娠期糖尿病及其相关因素的认知情况。
方法
2024年6月至8月进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用系统随机抽样技术选取423名参与者。通过访谈式问卷收集数据。使用SPSS 25版对收集的数据进行分析。采用二元逻辑回归评估解释变量与结果变量之间的关联。P值小于0.05的变量以及相应的95%置信区间用于判定统计学显著性。
结果
本研究发现27.0%（95%CI：0.23 - 0.31）的孕妇知晓妊娠期糖尿病。关于妊娠期糖尿病最常见的信息来源是朋友，占53.2%，其次是家人和医护人员。伴侣参与度[调整优势比（AOR）= 0.58；95%CI =（0.35 - 0.95）]、慢性疾病家族史[AOR = 5.20；95%CI =（2.40 - 11.25）]、意外妊娠但有生育意愿[AOR = 3.36；95%CI =（1.40 - 8.10）]以及为穆斯林[AOR = 2.89；95%CI =（1.34 - 6.24）]等因素与妊娠期糖尿病知晓情况显著相关。
结论
只有一小部分孕妇知晓妊娠期糖尿病。意外妊娠但有生育意愿、伴侣参与度以及慢性疾病家族史与妊娠期糖尿病知晓情况显著相关。为减轻妊娠期糖尿病日益加重的负担，医护人员在产前检查随访期间需要加强对孕妇妊娠期糖尿病知识的教育。
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