Siuluta Nanyangwe, Sato Miho, Linh Le Khac, Wanjihia Violet, Changoma Mwatasa Salim, Huy Nguyen Tien, Kaneko Satoshi
Graduate School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health (TMGH), Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
College of Health Sciences, Vin University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
Trop Med Health. 2024 Oct 22;52(1):74. doi: 10.1186/s41182-024-00630-3.
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is any degree of glucose intolerance first recognized during pregnancy. GDM awareness among pregnant women translates into GDM prevention and early diagnosis.
To establish the underlying factors influencing GDM Knowledge Attitude and Practices (KAP) among pregnant women at Kinango District Hospital.
An explanatory mixed-methods design was implemented by initially assessing GDM KAP quantitatively [QUAN], followed by the qualitative [qual] exploration of contextual factors behind quantitative results. In the [QUAN] strand, 354 pregnant women were interviewed from January to February 2019. Thereafter, in the [qual] strand, key informant interviews were conducted among four pregnant women and three healthcare workers; a focus group discussion was held among nine pregnant women, from May to June 2019. STATA V15 software package was used to analyze the quantitative data. Qualitative data were analyzed manually using thematic analysis.
Among 354 pregnant women, 29.0% were knowledgeable, 46.98% had good attitude and 60.17% had good practice. Attending at least one antenatal clinic visit and having heard about diabetes mellitus were associated with good GDM attitude and practices. Among the knowledgeable pregnant women, one-third (33.33%) obtained GDM information from a health facility. Discussions with pregnant women and the interviews with healthcare workers highlighted that daily health talks during antenatal clinic, included GDM and diabetes mellitus information. Furthermore, attendance of at least one antenatal clinic visit was low (85.88%), among pregnant women (87.86%) who were expected to have attended at least one antenatal clinic visits.
Despite low GDM knowledge, pregnant women had relatively good GDM attitudes and good GDM practices. Daily health talks conducted during antenatal clinic as well as indigenous knowledge among pregnant women, influenced the latter. Hence, GDM information dissemination needs to be enhanced for the improvement of GDM KAP among pregnant women for GDM prevention.
妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）是指在孕期首次被识别出的任何程度的葡萄糖不耐受。孕妇对妊娠期糖尿病的认知有助于预防和早期诊断该疾病。
确定影响基南戈区医院孕妇妊娠期糖尿病知识、态度和行为（KAP）的潜在因素。
采用解释性混合方法设计，首先对妊娠期糖尿病KAP进行定量评估[QUAN]，然后对定量结果背后的背景因素进行定性[qual]探索。在[QUAN]部分，于2019年1月至2月对354名孕妇进行了访谈。此后，在[qual]部分，对4名孕妇和3名医护人员进行了关键 informant 访谈；于2019年5月至6月对9名孕妇进行了焦点小组讨论。使用STATA V15软件包分析定量数据。定性数据采用主题分析进行人工分析。
在354名孕妇中，29.0%具备相关知识，46.98%态度良好，60.17%行为良好。至少参加一次产前检查且听说过糖尿病与良好的妊娠期糖尿病态度和行为相关。在具备相关知识的孕妇中，三分之一（33.33%）从医疗机构获得了妊娠期糖尿病信息。与孕妇的讨论以及对医护人员的访谈强调，产前检查期间的日常健康讲座包含了妊娠期糖尿病和糖尿病信息。此外，在预期至少参加一次产前检查的孕妇中，实际至少参加一次产前检查的比例较低（85.88%）。
尽管妊娠期糖尿病知识水平较低，但孕妇对妊娠期糖尿病的态度相对良好，行为也较好。产前检查期间进行的日常健康讲座以及孕妇的本土知识对其产生了影响。因此，需要加强妊娠期糖尿病信息传播，以改善孕妇的妊娠期糖尿病KAP，从而预防妊娠期糖尿病。
