Cao Shuhua, Liu Yuchang, Tai Xishi, Shen Li, Yang Hekai, Li Fahui, Sui Binglin, Ma Pengju, Zhu Lingxuan, Gao Bin, Wang Anlin, Azam Mohammad
College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Weifang University No. 5147 Dongfeng Street Weifang 261061 P. R. China.
School of Pharmacy, Shandong Second Medical University No. 7166 Baotong Street Weifang 261053 P. R. China.
RSC Adv. 2025 Aug 18;15(35):28889-28896. doi: 10.1039/d5ra05267j. eCollection 2025 Aug 11.
Based on the cyanine dye scaffold, two photosensitizers (PSs) (C1 and C2) were successfully synthesized. These PSs exhibited a maximum absorption wavelength of 660 nm, falling within the near-infrared window. Compared to the commercially available photosensitizer ICG, the newly developed PSs demonstrated enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation under lower light doses. Notably, these PSs can simultaneously produce both singlet oxygen (O) and superoxide anion radicals (O˙), classifying them as dual type I/II PSs. Compared with C1, the O quantum yield of C2 was higher, as high as 10.6 times that of ICG. Theoretical calculations revealed that the molecules of C2 possessed a small singlet-triplet energy gap (Δ ), which facilitated more efficient intersystem crossing (ISC) from the singlet to triplet state, thereby promoting greater ROS generation. Experiments showed that C1 and C2 were located in mitochondria and could cause a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cell death. Animal experiments have shown that C2 effectively suppressed tumor growth without side effects.
基于花菁染料支架，成功合成了两种光敏剂（PSs）（C1和C2）。这些PSs的最大吸收波长为660nm，处于近红外窗口范围内。与市售光敏剂吲哚菁绿（ICG）相比，新开发的PSs在较低光剂量下表现出更强的活性氧（ROS）生成能力。值得注意的是，这些PSs能同时产生单线态氧（O）和超氧阴离子自由基（O˙），将它们归类为I/II型双重光敏剂。与C1相比，C2的O量子产率更高，高达ICG的10.6倍。理论计算表明，C2分子具有较小的单重态-三重态能隙（Δ），这有利于单重态到三重态更高效的系间窜越（ISC），从而促进更多ROS的生成。实验表明，C1和C2定位于线粒体，可导致线粒体膜电位降低，进而导致细胞死亡。动物实验表明，C2能有效抑制肿瘤生长且无副作用。
