Patil Anish, Vonk Willem Arie
TechConcepts B.V., Stolwijk, The Netherlands.
Open Res Eur. 2025 Aug 22;5:104. doi: 10.12688/openreseurope.19634.2. eCollection 2025.
The European Union's Green Deal Industrial Plan (GDIP), introduced in 2023, aims to advance sustainability, energy independence, and carbon neutrality by 2050. Supported by the Net-Zero Industry Act (NZIA) and the Critical Raw Materials Act (CRMA), the GDIP seeks to boost clean technology manufacturing, particularly in sectors like electric vehicles (EVs), while ensuring a secure supply of critical raw materials. Additionally, the EU Battery Regulation 2023 establishes strict lifecycle management requirements to promote circularity in the battery sector. However, policy fragmentation, regulatory complexity, and stakeholder concerns pose challenges to achieving these objectives.
This study examines the coherence of the GDIP and its associated policies, assessing whether they form a unified framework or introduce contradictions that hinder progress. Through stakeholder analysis, the research explores perceptions of regulatory effectiveness, industrial competitiveness, and the role of workforce skills in facilitating the green transition.
Findings indicate that while these policies share common objectives, they exhibit overlaps and inconsistencies that create barriers to investment and innovation. Stakeholders express concerns about regulatory clarity and feasibility, emphasizing the need for realistic targets, streamlined processes, and greater social acceptance of industrial projects. The research also highlights a critical skills gap in green technologies, underlining the necessity of workforce development initiatives to support the transition.
For the GDIP to achieve its full potential, EU policies must be better aligned, with clearer regulatory frameworks and stronger stakeholder engagement. Addressing the skills shortage, promoting industrial careers, and leveraging tools like the European battery passport will be crucial in fostering collaboration and ensuring successful implementation of the EU's green industrial ambitions.
2023年推出的欧盟绿色协议产业计划（GDIP）旨在推动可持续发展、能源独立，并在2050年前实现碳中和。在净零产业法案（NZIA）和关键原材料法案（CRMA）的支持下，GDIP旨在促进清洁技术制造，特别是在电动汽车等领域，同时确保关键原材料的安全供应。此外，欧盟2023年电池法规制定了严格的生命周期管理要求，以促进电池行业的循环利用。然而，政策碎片化、监管复杂性以及利益相关者的担忧给实现这些目标带来了挑战。
本研究考察了GDIP及其相关政策的连贯性，评估它们是否形成一个统一的框架，或者是否引入了阻碍进展的矛盾。通过利益相关者分析，该研究探讨了对监管有效性、产业竞争力以及劳动力技能在促进绿色转型中所起作用的看法。
研究结果表明，虽然这些政策有共同目标，但它们存在重叠和不一致之处，给投资和创新造成了障碍。利益相关者对监管的清晰度和可行性表示担忧，强调需要设定现实的目标、简化流程，并提高社会对工业项目的接受度。该研究还突出了绿色技术方面关键的技能差距，强调了开展劳动力发展倡议以支持转型的必要性。
为使GDIP充分发挥潜力，欧盟政策必须更好地协调一致，要有更清晰的监管框架和更强有力的利益相关者参与。解决技能短缺问题、推广产业职业，并利用欧洲电池护照等工具，对于促进合作和确保欧盟绿色产业抱负的成功实施至关重要。
