Teixeira Ana Karine Macedo, Souza Júnior Paulo Roberto Borges de
Faculdade de Farmácia, Odontologia e Enfermagem, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brasil.
Instituto de Comunicação e Informação Científica e Tecnológica em Saúde, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2025 Aug 22;41(8):e00162324. doi: 10.1590/0102-311XEN162324. eCollection 2025.
The Brazilian National Oral Health Policy has increased access to dental services for the Brazilian population. However, it is not clear whether there has been a reduction in oral health inequalities in the country. The aim of the study was to investigate the evolution of socioeconomic inequalities in oral health, the use of oral hygiene products, and the use of dental services in the adult population of Brazil between 2013 and 2019. Data from the Brazilian National Health Survey conducted in 2013 (n = 60,202) and 2019 (n = 88,531) were used to calculate the slope index of inequality (SII) and relative index of inequality (RII) in terms of schooling and family income per capita. The dependent variables were the use of a toothbrush, toothpaste, and dental floss, functional dentition, use of dental services at least once in life, use of dental services in the previous year, and use of dental services for preventive care. Inequalities in the use of oral hygiene products and the use of dental services reduced between 2013 to 2019. However, functional dentition maintained the same levels of inequality in terms of schooling (RII = 1.6) and income (RII = 1.3). Schooling inequalities in the use of preventive dental care increased (SII = 33.3 in 2013, SII = 38.9 in 2019). This study underscores the need to reorient the Brazilian National Oral Health Policy in order to reduce tooth loss and improve the use of dental services for preventive care in the most vulnerable groups. Despite improvements in the use of dental services and oral hygiene products, socioeconomic inequalities in oral health persist in Brazil.
巴西国家口腔健康政策增加了巴西民众获得牙科服务的机会。然而，该国口腔健康不平等现象是否有所减少尚不清楚。本研究的目的是调查2013年至2019年巴西成年人口在口腔健康、口腔卫生用品使用和牙科服务利用方面社会经济不平等的演变情况。利用2013年（n = 60,202）和2019年（n = 88,531）进行的巴西国家健康调查数据，计算了受教育程度和人均家庭收入方面的不平等斜率指数（SII）和相对不平等指数（RII）。因变量包括牙刷、牙膏和牙线的使用情况、功能性牙列、一生中至少使用一次牙科服务、上一年使用牙科服务以及使用牙科服务进行预防性护理的情况。2013年至2019年期间，口腔卫生用品使用和牙科服务利用方面的不平等有所减少。然而，功能性牙列在受教育程度（RII = 1.6）和收入（RII = 1.3）方面保持了相同的不平等水平。预防性牙科护理使用方面的受教育程度不平等有所增加（2013年SII = 33.3，2019年SII = 38.9）。本研究强调需要重新调整巴西国家口腔健康政策，以减少牙齿缺失，并改善最弱势群体对预防性牙科服务的利用。尽管牙科服务和口腔卫生用品的使用有所改善，但巴西口腔健康方面的社会经济不平等仍然存在。
