Micheli Olivia, Athanasiou Maria, Kristof Victor, Antonarakis Gregory S
Private Practice, 1208 Geneva, Switzerland.
Private Practice, 5610 Wohlen, Switzerland.
Dent J (Basel). 2025 Aug 6;13(8):356. doi: 10.3390/dj13080356.
This study aimed to evaluate the mean age of eruption of permanent teeth and their clinical emergence sequence in a longitudinal sample of children from a multi-ethnic urban population. A total of 854 children (413 females and 441 males), aged between 4 and 13 years, were examined annually for a minimum of 4 consecutive years, as part of their annual dental screening appointment. The presence of permanent teeth was recorded at each examination. Mean and median ages, with standard deviations, of individual tooth eruption were calculated, in addition to the eruption sequence, and the analysis of the data was performed using the lognormal distribution model. Regarding the error of the method, two examiners reviewed all relevant dental screening forms, and any discrepancies were resolved through consultation with the senior author. The sequence of permanent tooth eruption followed a consistent pattern across sexes, with distinct differences between the maxillary and mandibular arches. In the maxilla, eruption began with the first molar, while in the mandible, it started with the central incisor. Mandibular teeth generally erupted earlier than maxillary teeth, with girls experiencing earlier eruption than boys, with some exceptions, and prolonged eruption periods. No statistically significant differences were found in the timing of eruption between contralateral homologous teeth. Based on the present data, the observed sequence of tooth eruption in a multi-ethnic urban population showed similar patterns across sexes. Mandibular teeth generally erupt earlier than maxillary teeth, with girls experiencing earlier eruption than boys.
本研究旨在评估来自多民族城市人口的儿童纵向样本中恒牙萌出的平均年龄及其临床萌出顺序。作为年度牙科筛查预约的一部分，每年对854名年龄在4至13岁之间的儿童（413名女性和441名男性）进行检查，连续检查至少4年。每次检查时记录恒牙的存在情况。计算了各个牙齿萌出的平均年龄、中位数年龄及标准差，以及萌出顺序，并使用对数正态分布模型进行数据分析。关于方法的误差，两名检查人员审查了所有相关的牙科筛查表格，任何差异都通过与资深作者协商解决。恒牙萌出顺序在性别间遵循一致模式，上颌和下颌牙弓之间存在明显差异。在上颌，萌出始于第一磨牙，而在下颌，萌出始于中切牙。下颌牙通常比上颌牙萌出早，女孩比男孩萌出早，但有一些例外情况，且萌出期延长。在对侧同源牙的萌出时间上未发现统计学显著差异。基于目前的数据，在多民族城市人口中观察到的牙齿萌出顺序在性别间呈现相似模式。下颌牙通常比上颌牙萌出早，女孩比男孩萌出早。
