Splitting Haploid Chromosomes into Different Nuclei: New Mechanisms of Adaptation in Fungi?

A recent study challenges a fundamental principle of eukaryotic biology that each nucleus houses a complete genome. Two plant pathogenic fungi, and , exhibit a segregated pattern of haploid chromosome distribution across two or more nuclei within each cell. The unequal distribution of the genome between nuclei suggests a coordinated system of internuclear recognition and regulation of cellular functions, a phenomenon previously associated with communication between nuclei of opposite mating type in both ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. Thus, the new study not only shatters expectations about genome biology but also opens new research avenues for understanding fungal adaptation and nuclear behavior.