Życki Maciej, Barszcz Wioletta, Łożyńska Monika
Łukasiewicz Research Network-Institute for Sustainable Technologies, Pułaskiego 6/10, 26-600 Radom, Poland.
Textile Institute, Faculty of Material Technologies and Textile Design, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego St. 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland.
Membranes (Basel). 2025 Aug 6;15(8):237. doi: 10.3390/membranes15080237.
The dairy industry generates significant amounts of wastewater, including microfiltration (MF) retentate, a byproduct thickened with organic and inorganic pollutants. This study focuses on the treatment of two times concentrated MF retentate using a hybrid system based on biological treatment in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) and adsorption on activated carbon. The first stage involved cross-flow microfiltration using a 0.2 µm PVDF membrane at 0.5 bar, resulting in reductions of 99% in turbidity and 79% in chemical oxygen demand (COD), as well as a partial reduction in conductivity. The second stage involved 24-h biological treatment in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) with activated sludge (activated sludge index: 80 cm/g, MLSS 2500 mg/dm), resulting in further reductions in COD (62%) and TOC (30%), as well as the removal of 46% of total phosphorus (TP) and 35% of total nitrogen (TN). In the third stage, the decantate underwent adsorption in a column containing powdered activated carbon (PAC; 1 g; S_(BET) = 969 m g), reducing the concentrations of key indicators to the following levels: COD 84%, TOC 70%, TN 77%, TP 87% and suspended solids 97%. Total pollutant retention ranged from 24.6% to 97.0%. These results confirm that the MF-SBR-PAC system is an effective, compact solution that significantly reduces the load of organic and biogenic pollutants in MF retentates, paving the way for their reuse or safe discharge into the environment.
乳制品行业产生大量废水，包括微滤（MF）截留物，这是一种因有机和无机污染物而浓缩的副产品。本研究重点关注使用基于序批式反应器（SBR）中的生物处理和活性炭吸附的混合系统处理两倍浓缩的MF截留物。第一阶段是在0.5巴压力下使用0.2μm聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜进行错流微滤，使浊度降低99%，化学需氧量（COD）降低79%，电导率也有部分降低。第二阶段是在序批式反应器（SBR）中用活性污泥（活性污泥指数：80cm/g，混合液悬浮固体浓度2500mg/dm³）进行24小时生物处理，使COD进一步降低（62%），总有机碳（TOC）降低（30%），同时去除46%的总磷（TP）和35%的总氮（TN）。第三阶段，倾析液在装有粉末活性炭（PAC；1g；比表面积S_(BET)=969m²/g）的柱中进行吸附，将关键指标浓度降低到以下水平：COD降低84%，TOC降低70%，TN降低77%，TP降低87%，悬浮固体降低97%。总污染物截留率在24.6%至97.0%之间。这些结果证实，MF - SBR - PAC系统是一种有效、紧凑的解决方案，能显著降低MF截留物中有机和生物源污染物的负荷，为其再利用或安全排放到环境中铺平了道路。
