Splenectomy as adjunctive therapy for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia in the dog.

Splenectomy was done in 9 dogs having immune-mediated hematologic disorders refractory to medical therapy. These disorders were immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (n = 3), immune hemolytic anemia (n = 3), and Evan's syndrome (n = 3). The diagnoses were based on clinical observations, laboratory test data, and differential of other conditions. In the 12 months after splenectomy was done, the dogs reflected clinical improvement and return of platelet and/or erythrocyte counts to clinically acceptable limits; medical treatment was stopped or reduced in 8 of 9 patients. The exceptional patient had shown clinical improvement without change in the platelet count. At the end of 1 year, survival rate was excellent, and postsplenectomy complications, such as hemobartonellosis, did not appear. It is believed that splenectomy may be useful for treating immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, anemia, and Evan's syndrome that seem refractory to medication.