El Sabbagh Abdallah, Hibbert Benjamin, Bangalore Sripal, Fong Pete, Zlotnick David, El-Sabawi Bassim, Zhang Robert, Zwischenberger Brittany, Mourad Ahmad, Palatnic Leonard, Sayfo Sameh, Gilyard Shenise, Younes Stephanie, Younes Ahmad, Ingrassia Joseph, Cheema Mohiuddin, Hammadah Muhammad, Prasad Anand, Hamid Nadira, Voudris Konstantinos, Villablanca Pedro, Kaki Amir, Qintar Mohammed, Baloch Zulfiqar, Patton Marquand, Dominguez Alejandro, Akhtar Yasir, Panaich Sidakpal, Lugo-Fagundo Nahyr, Yucel Evin, Hodge David O, Rosenfield Kenneth, Baddour Larry, Sorajja Paul, Moriarty John, Parikh Sahil A, Sethi Sanjum S
Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida, USA.
Department of Cardiovascular Disease, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
J Am Coll Cardiol. 2025 Sep 23;86(12):846-856. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2025.06.054. Epub 2025 Aug 27.
Catheter-based percutaneous mechanical aspiration (PMA) is an emerging acute intervention for debulking infective vegetations in right-sided infective endocarditis (RSIE); however, its outcomes and safety remain undefined.
The authors sought to assess early clinical outcomes and safety of PMA in patients with RSIE.
The CLEAR-IE (Cardiac Lesion Extraction and Aspiration Registry for Infective Endocarditis) is a large multicenter retrospective registry of consecutive patients with RSIE who have undergone PMA. Procedural success was defined as a ≥70% reduction in site-reported vegetation size or a residual size ≤1 cm on intraprocedural echocardiography, which included transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), intracardiac echocardiography (ICE), and transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), selected at the operator's discretion to guide the intervention. The primary endpoint was a composite of in-hospital mortality, new pulmonary embolism (PE), or emergency surgery. Secondary endpoints included each component of the primary endpoint and in-hospital worsening tricuspid regurgitation (TR).
Between January 2014 and January 2024, 256 patients from 19 institutions were included. Median age was 43 years; 43% were women, and 51% had history of injection drug use. Acute PE (50.8%) and shock (27%) were frequent at presentation. Tricuspid valve involvement was present in 70%, with a median site-reported vegetation size of 2.4 cm (Q1-Q3: 0.6-9 cm). Severe TR was noted in 31.3% at baseline. Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen (73.8%). Procedural success was achieved in 89.4%, with a median residual vegetation size of 0.7 cm (Q1-Q3: 0.2-1.1 cm). Overall, 86.9% completed the procedure free from procedure-related complications. The primary endpoint occurred in 18% (mortality: 9.8%; new PE: 8.3%; emergency surgery: 3.1%). Among those without baseline severe TR, worsening TR occurred in 16.9%. On univariate analysis, shock (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.15-4.43; P = 0.03) and hypoxia (OR: 3.62; 95% CI: 1.83-7.17; P < 0.001) were significantly associated with the primary endpoint, whereas worsening TR was not. On multivariate analysis, hypoxia (OR: 2.76; 95% CI: 1.34-5.73; P = 0.006) remained significantly associated with the primary outcome.
PMA of RSIE is feasible with high procedural success. Adverse events were acceptable and largely driven by underlying RSIE. Randomized trials are warranted to confirm the clinical impact and safety of PMA in RSIE.
