Gniazdowska Justyna, Rabajczyk Anna, Wilczyński Tomasz, Małozięć Daniel
Laboratory of Fire Extinguishing Agents and Equipment-BU, Scientific and Research Centre for Fire Protection-National Research Institute, Nadwiślańska 213, 05-420 Józefów, Poland.
Study Works and Research Projects Department, Scientific and Research Centre for Fire Protection-National Research Institute, Nadwiślańska 213, 05-420 Józefów, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2025 Aug 11;18(16):3752. doi: 10.3390/ma18163752.
The development of industry and technology, despite making everyday life easier, generates large amounts of various wastes that negatively affect the environment. Unexpected leaks of substances such as oils, petroleum substances, and chemicals also contribute to the degradation of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Long-term effects of environmental pollution require the development of advanced materials and technologies to collect and neutralize pollutants. Sorbents obtained from waste, including banana peels, coconut fibers, and polyurethane foams from recycling the thermal housing of refrigeration devices, allow a reduction in the amount of generated waste and the development of appropriate sorbents. This work focuses on comparing the sorption and neutralization properties of these materials for two types of oil, machine and diesel, and the possibility of using them in rescue and firefighting operations conducted by firefighters. The results obtained indicate that the viscose-cellulose sorbent and the polyurethane foam sorbent are characterized by better performance parameters than sorbents from coffee grounds or coconut fibers. The best parameters were obtained after the first 10 min of the sorbent-contaminant reaction, whereas in the case of contamination with machine oil, the absorption capacity was better than for diesel oil for each sorbent subjected to analysis.
工业和技术的发展，尽管使日常生活变得更加轻松，但却产生了大量对环境有负面影响的各种废物。油、石油物质和化学品等物质的意外泄漏也会导致水生和陆地生态系统的退化。环境污染的长期影响需要开发先进的材料和技术来收集和中和污染物。从废物中获得的吸附剂，包括香蕉皮、椰子纤维以及回收制冷设备热外壳得到的聚氨酯泡沫，既可以减少产生的废物量，又能开发出合适的吸附剂。这项工作的重点是比较这些材料对机器油和柴油这两种油类的吸附和中和性能，以及它们在消防员进行救援和灭火行动中使用的可能性。所获得的结果表明，粘胶 - 纤维素吸附剂和聚氨酯泡沫吸附剂的性能参数优于咖啡渣或椰子纤维制成的吸附剂。吸附剂与污染物反应的前10分钟后获得了最佳参数，而在分析的每种吸附剂中，对于机油污染的吸收能力优于柴油污染的情况。
